The effectiveness of transmitting force by using undulation is well known, but it takes time for the whip to flex and then sequentially transmit force. An example of using undulation is a whip whose tip movement exceeds the speed of sound. The whip-like motion principle requires that the user firmly plant the feet on the ground – a position that may lead to physical damage. Experts note that th...

Introduction: Space maintenance in primary dentition in patients with early loss of several primary molars is a clinical challenge for pedodontists. In these cases, the conventional distal shoe appliance cannot be used and the efficacy of removable appliances is questionable. Thus, appliances with special designs providing increased patient acceptance and optimal efficacy are required in these ...

Received 13/07/92; revised 01/12/92; accepted 20/04/93 * Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University ** Lecturer, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia. Address reprint requests to: Dr. M. A. Abdullah * Teledyne Hanau, P.O. Box 203,80 Sonwil D...

Many arthropods possess filiform hair sensilla (termed trichobothria in arachnids), which are extremely sensitive detectors of medium particle displacement. Electrophysiological evidence in some taxa suggests that these sensilla can detect air particle displacements resulting from intraspecific communication signals. However, it has not yet been shown for any species that the air particle displ...

Changing social values and new technologies have contributed to increasing media attention and debate about the acceptable use of animals in sport. This paper focuses on the use of the whip in thoroughbred horse racing. Those who defend its use argue it is a necessary tool needed for safety, correction and encouragement, and that it does not cause the horse any pain. For those who oppose its us...

Abstract This article examines two female slaveholders, one real and fictional, to explore the relationship between gender slave management in both history popular culture. Annie Palmer, “White Witch of Rose Hall” plantation Jamaica, although creation folklore journalistic exaggeration, has functioned for a century half as symbol not only evils slavery but idea that slaveholders’ cruelty threat...

Twelve larvae of unidentified species of Odontacarus Ewing, 1929 (Acari: Leeuwenhoekiidae) were found parasitising an adult male whip spider Charinus brasilianus Weygoldt (Charinidae) in Santa Teresa, mountainous region of Espirito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. These larvae occurred in the intersegmental membrane of prosoma and legs. This is the first report of ectoparasitic mites infecting...

Abstract Migratory bird populations can be limited by events in disparate parts of the world. Birds wintering tropical regions are facing rapid habitat loss, climate change, and intensive agricultural regimes, potentially contributing to population declines. However, an understanding basic nonbreeding ecology species, such as space use, is critical for determining if this case. Populations noct...