Great Britain's 1983 "Christmas Crusade" against drunken drivers, during which the police of England and Wales administered an average of 1350 breath tests daily, is discussed. Although not deliberately planned and organized, the campaign, fueled by press reports, was perceived by many observes to be a national organized deterrent effort. To test the hypothesis that the crusade reduced drunken ...

(d) Suppose list1 contains N1 elements and list2 contains N2 elements. The first while loop is executed O(N1) times. The body of this loop takes O(N1) since GetNextItem takes O(1) and InsertItem takes O(N1). So, the complexity of the first loop is O(N1N1). The second while loop is executed O(N2) times. The body of that loop takes O(N1+N2) time since GetNextItem takes O(1), RetrieveItem takes O(...

Adolescence is often described as a period of heightened risk-taking. Adolescents are notorious for impulsivity, emotional volatility, and risky behaviors such as drinking and driving under the influence of alcohol. By contrast, we found that risk-taking declines linearly from childhood to adulthood when individuals make choices over monetary gambles. Further, with age we found increases in the...

BACKGROUND Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol is a major public health concern, and many individuals continue to drink and drive even after being convicted of a DUI offense. Latinos, in particular, are disproportionately likely to be arrested for a DUI, have higher rates of recidivism, and are more likely to die in alcohol-related accidents than non-Latino Whites. Latinos also experie...

The situational factors associated with youthful driving while intoxicated (DWI) and riding with an impaired driver (RWID) are examined. Data were collected from separate samples of youth who had driven while impaired by alcohol and who had ridden with an alcohol-impaired driver. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there are consistent situational factors associated with DWI and R...

OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion of first time driving while alcohol impaired (DWI) offenders who drive while their driver's license is suspended. DESIGN Systematic, unobtrusive observations were conducted by surveillance professionals from Pinkerton Investigative Services, Inc, of first time offenders in the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Bergen County, New Jersey. Observations inclu...

A large proportion of offenders in the criminal justice system have alcohol-related problems. Therefore, it makes sense to implement alcohol screening and brief intervention programs for people in this setting, particularly for impaired driving offenders, who are likely to be alcohol dependent. Although most States mandate screening for impaired drivers, not much effort has been put forth to de...

The cognition of spatial objects differs among people and is highly influenced by the context in which a spatial object is perceived. We investigated experimentally how humans perceive geometric figures in geometric proportional analogies and discovered that subjects perceive structures within the figures which are suitable for solving the analogy. Humans do not perceive the elements within a f...

Few replies get published. Many that do get published could be more effective. A reply can be effective only if it is published, readable, and credible. This article suggests guidelines for writing good replies. The guidelines begin with things to keep in mind—for example, that you might be wrong—and things to do before you begin to write. The latter include considering not responding, consider...