On average, gay men are somewhat feminine and lesbians somewhat masculine, but there is variation within each group. The authors examined the consequences of this variation for gay men's and lesbians' desirability as romantic partners. In 2 studies the authors analyzed personal advertisements. Homosexual people were more likely than heterosexual people to mention traits related to sex typicalit...

ABSTRACT This study sought, through a factor analysis of 450 masculine-feminine (MF) items from nine established sources such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MNK), to determine whether in a college sample of 523 students there were a small number of factors common to both sexes, or if the MF scale consisted of so many weak factors that the practice of giving people scores on...

INTRODUCTION Gender identity disorders (GID) are heterogeneous disorders that may be influenced by culture and social norms. AIM The aim of this study was to determine masculine and feminine gender roles in a group of Iranian patients with GID and compare these roles with two control groups. METHODS Twelve male-to-female (MF) and 27 female-to-male (FM) individuals with GID referred to Tehra...

Animal studies indicate that gonadal hormones at puberty have an effect on the development of masculine and feminine traits. However, it is unknown whether similar processes occur in humans. We examined whether women with anorexia nervosa (AN), who often experience primary amenorrhea, exhibit attenuated feminization in their psychological characteristics in adulthood due to the decrease/absence...

Testosterone is typically understood to contribute to maleness and masculinity, although it also responds to behaviors such as competition. Competition is crucial to evolution and may increase testosterone but also is selectively discouraged for women and encouraged for men via gender norms. We conducted an experiment to test how gender norms might modulate testosterone as mediated by two possi...

Opportunity evaluation represents a core aspect of the entrepreneurial process. Prior research suggests that evaluation of new opportunities is influenced by biases rooted in subjective beliefs, values, and assumptions. In the present study, we used stereotype activation theory to propose that respondent gender (men–women), content of stereotype (masculine–feminine), and the manner in which ste...

Men with low testosterone (feminine men) invest in relationships and offspring more than men with high testosterone (masculine men). Women's attraction to testosterone dependent traits (e.g. masculine face shape) is enhanced during the late-follicular, fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. Attractive, feminine women have stronger preferences for masculine men as possible long-term partners than...

The present experiment examined if and how ‘‘gender’’ of the computer, manifested in character representation, would affect its informational influence on individuals’ decisions on masculine (sports) or feminine (fashion) topics. In a 2 (participant’s gender) 2 (character gender) 2 (nature of topic: masculine vs. feminine) between-subjects experiment, participants played a trivia quiz game with...

While normative Hebrew distinguishes between atem/hem ‘you/they-msc-plural’ and aten/hen ‘you/they-fem-plural’, many current speakers use the masculine forms for both feminine and masculine plural referents, and it has been claimed that the masculine/feminine distinction has disappeared from the spoken language (Borochovsky Bar-Aba 2002). However, corpus examination shows many cases where the s...

By the mid 1980s, prime time television contained frequent portrayals of females in traditionally male occupations such as lawyer, police officer, and private detective. To determine whether young people's gender schemas about such occupations have been affected by these portrayals, fifth and sixth grade students were questioned about stereotypically feminine and masculine occupations they enco...