One of the main techniques used by software renderers to produce stunningly realistic images is programmable shading—executing an arbitrarily complex program to compute the color at each pixel. Thus far, programmable shading has only been available on software rendering systems that run on general-purpose computers. Rendering each image can take from minutes to hours. Parallel rendering engines...

Programmable Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become widespread. They now support floating-point computations and general programming models. A shading language is a domain-specific programming language for specifying shading computations. In this section of the course notes, we will review several high-level real-time shading languages for programming modern GPUs. These languages have evo...

Aims Land use management affects plant carbon (C) supply and soil environments and hence alters soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, with consequent feedbacks to terrestrial ecosystem productivity. The objective of this study was to better identify mechanisms by which land-use management (clipping and shading) regulates soil N in a tallgrass prairie, OK, USA. Methods We conducted 1-year clipping and sha...

This paper proposes a new configuration for solar energy conversion systems. One challenging issue of the photovoltaic (PV) systems is partial shading, and in this paper Module Integrated Converters (MIC) are used to overcome this problem in PV arrays. A few boost converters are employed as MICs to mitigate the shading effect. Furthermore, to reduce the cost and to increase the system performan...

We present a novel architecture for flexible control of shading rates in a GPU pipeline, and demonstrate substantially reduced shading costs for various applications. We decouple shading and visibility by restricting and quantizing shading rates to a finite set of screen-aligned grids, leading to simpler and fewer changes to the GPU pipeline compared to alternative approaches. Our architecture ...

ABSTRACT Organic residue in the substrate and availability of light influence production high-quality seedlings for ex situ cultivation native forest species. This study aimed to evaluate effect doses chicken manure incorporated soil shading levels on morphophysiological responses quality Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich seedlings. Five (CM) were tested, 0.00, 2.08, 4.16, 6.24, 8.32 g CM kg-1 s...

This paper proposes a hybrid switching technique for a domestic PV system with AC-module architecture. In this PV system, independent control of PV modules, which are directly connected to DC terminals of a single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter, makes module-level MPPT possible to extract maximum available solar energy, especially in partial shading conditions. As one of the main contributi...

In this supplementary material, we show the details of solving shading with a Laplacian smoothness constraint, the complete color transfer approximation evaluation table, and its corresponding color transfer approximation visual results. Please also check our supplementary video for video color grading extraction demonstrations. 1 Laplacian shading regularization In this section, we describe ho...

In this paper, parametric design approach is used to optimize the external shading device design, which take examples of horizontal shading devices and horizontal louver shading devices on south faced of buildings in Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing. The optimize goal of whole year shading effect is “Shading in summer and solar in winter, both as much as possible at the same time”. In the first ...

In this paper, we present a deferred shading algorithm for computing iapproximate screen-space multi-bounce indirect illumination with visibility, in real time. For each frame, we compute mipmapped G-Buffers of depth, normals, illumination and voxelized geometry. To each mipmap level we apply a single shader that gathers screen-space illumination using local Monte-Carlo integration. We upsample...