Both D1R and D2R knock out (KO) mice of the major dopamine receptors show significant motor impairments. However, there are some discrepant reports, which may be due to the differences in genetic background and experimental procedures. In addition, only few studies directly compared the motor performance of D1R and D2R KO mice. In this paper, we examined the behavioral difference among N10 cong...

The conventional vehicles in the past had consisted of mechanical differential which converts the engine torque in to two directions. Due to the introduction of electric vehicle the vehicle propulsion system has changed from combustion engine to electric motor. Since the concept of differential is a must have component to drive a vehicle, it is still used in electric vehicles as well. Common me...

This paper presents an experimental study of the electronic differential system with four-wheel, dual-rear in wheel motor independently driven an electric vehicle. It is worth bearing in mind that the electronic differential is a new technology used in electric vehicle technology and provides better balancing in curved paths. In addition, it is more lightweight than the mechanical differential ...

An in-wheel motor electric vehicle has high unsprung mass because of its in-wheel motor, which decreases vehicle ride comfort and vehicle safety. This paper presents a controllable suspension employing an optimal design hybrid damping control strategy based on ideal skyhook and groundhook as a reference. A sliding mode controller is designed to make the plant track the ideal reference model. Th...

Thanks to the development of electric motors and batteries, the performance of EV is greatly improved in the past few years. The most distinct advantage of an EV is the quick and precise torque response of the electric motors. A further merit of a 4 in-wheel-motor drived electric vehicle (4WD EV) is that, the driving/braking torque of each wheel is independently adjustable due to small but powe...

This paper describes about an obstacle detecting robot which is controlled over IR Sensor .The robot is made using IR Sensor, wheel encoder and it is controlled by Arduino microcontroller . IR sensors in the front portion of the robot which senses the obstacle and deviate its path to choose an obstacle free path. The data from the sensor is compared with Controller to decide the movement of the...

STUDY OBJECTIVE We assess the relationship between steering wheel deformity and serious thoracic or abdominal injury among drivers and front seat passengers involved in motor vehicle crashes, while adjusting for important crash factors. METHODS This was a national population-based cohort of adults involved in motor vehicle crashes from 1995 to 2002 and included in the National Automotive Samp...

Deficits in motor function are debilitating features in disorders affecting neurological, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems. Although these disorders can vary greatly with respect to age of onset, symptomatic presentation, rate of progression and severity, the study of these disease models in mice is confined to the use of a small number of tests, most commonly the rotarod test. To expa...

The present study examined the effect of age on the spontaneous motor rhythms of mice during wheel running. The spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) of wheel running was measured for the P8 strain of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8) by recording the sequence of time intervals (measured in milliseconds) for successive revolutions ofa run-wheel over the course of 16 days. Analyses of the distrib...

This study presents evaluation of effect of in-wheel electric motors mass on the performance of passive and active suspension systems using matlab. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is one of more common control methods which is used to complete the design of the active suspension system in this paper .Unsprung mass is one of the important parameters which effects on road holding and ride comfor...