The potent activity of Wnt/Wingless (Wg) signals necessitates sophisticated mechanisms that spatially and temporally regulate their distribution and range of action. The two main receptor components for Wg – Arrow (Arr) and Frizzled 2 (Fz2) – are transcriptionally downregulatedbyWgsignaling, thus forminggradients that oppose that of Wg. Here, we analyze the relevance of this transcriptional reg...

Patterning of the Drosophila embryo depends on the accurate expression of wingless (wg), which encodes a secreted signal required for segmentation and many other processes. Early expression of wg is regulated by the nuclear proteins of the gap and pair-rule gene classes but, after gastrulation, wg transcription is also dependent on cell-cell communication. Signaling to the Wg-producing cells is...

We have expressed the segment polarity gene wingless (wg) ectopically in imaginal discs to examine its regulation of both ventral patterning and transdetermination. By experimentally manipulating the amount of Wg protein, we show that different thresholds of Wg activity elicit different outcomes, which are mediated by regulation of decapentaplegic (dpp) expression and result in alterations in t...

Recent studies in Drosophila have shown that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required for Wingless (Wg/Wnt) signaling. In addition, genetic and phenotypic analyses have implicated the glypican gene dally in this process. Here, we report the identification of another Drosophila glypican gene, dally-like (dly) and show that it is also involved in Wg signaling. Inhibition of dly gene act...

this study aims to evaluate effects of two downscaling methods; change-factor and statistical downscaling on therunoff of the azam-harat river located at yazd province (with an arid climate) of iran, under the a2 emission scenariofor the period of 2010-2039. for this purpose, cgcm3-ar4 model; a rainfall-runoff conceptual model, ihacres; twodownscaling models, change factor and lars-wg were appl...

The protein-serine kinase Shaggy (Sgg) is the Drosophila homolog of mammalian glycogen synthase kinase-3 and has been genetically implicated in signal transduction pathways necessary for the establishment of patterning. Sgg is a putative component of the Wingless (Wg) pathway, and epistasis analyses suggest that Sgg function is repressed by Wg signaling. Here, we have investigated the biochemic...

Two multi-phasic models (logistic (LOG) and Michaelis-Menten (MM)) with three sub-curves were used to describe gas production kinetics of corn (CG), barley (BG), wheat (WG) and triticale (TG) grains. In each model sub curve, 1 describes the gas production caused by fermentation of the soluble fraction, gas production caused by fermentation of the non-soluble fraction is described in sub curve 2...

OBJECTIVE High- protein diets have become increasingly popular with various touted benefits. However, the extent to which protein quantity and source affects cognitive functioning through altering postprandial amino acid profiles has not been investigated. Further, whether all protein sources are similarly anorexigenic is uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of ...

In this paper we introduce a general model of a Web Query System, i.e. a set of integrated tools for the eecient and eeective retrieval of hypermedia information on the World Wide Web. Then we describe a prototype environment based on WG-Log, a graph-oriented query and data description language for Web sites, focusing on metadata processing and storage.