Background: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) abuse by athletes threatens the integrity of sport. Due to overlap in physiological response rHuEpo and altitude exposure, it remains difficult differentiate changes hematological variables caused or altitude, therefore, other molecular methods enhance anti-doping should be explored. Objective: To identify transcriptomic prolonged exposure t...

BACKGROUND Although carbohydrate is the predominant fuel source supporting high-intensity exercise workloads, the role of fat oxidation, and the degree to which it may be altered by training status, is less certain. METHODS We compared substrate oxidation rates, using indirect calorimetry, during a high-intensity interval training (HIT) session in well-trained (WT) and recreationally trained ...

OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle of endurance-trained male runners would exhibit elevated autophagy and mitophagy markers, which would be associated with greater metabolic flexibility following a high-fat meal (HFM). METHODS Muscle biopsies were collected to determine differences in autophagy and mitophagy protein markers and metabolic flexibility under fasting conditio...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that sodium citrate administered two hours before exercise improves performance in a 5 km running time trial. METHODS A total of 17 male well trained college runners (mean (SD) O(2)MAX 61.3 (4.9) ml/kg/min) performed a 5 km treadmill run with and without sodium citrate ingestion in a random, double blind, crossover design. In the citrate trial, subjects consum...

Prior to 1969, marathon runners were advised against drinking or eating during competition (1) since it was believed that, especially fluid ingestion would impair performance, not least by causing unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms including the “stitch”. At that time, marathon runners and marathon races were quite different from their modern descendants. In particular, there were few competi...

In order to study oxygen consumption (VO2) for a given work load at the exhaustive level of a graded cycling exercise in well-trained runners, a progressive cycle ergometer exercise test was performed on 9 sprinters and 12 endurance runners, all in good national standing; 12 sedentary men served as control subjects. The relationship between VO2 and work-output appeared to be linear in most of t...

In order to study oxygen consumption (VO2) for a given work load at the exhaustive level of a graded cycling exercise in well-trained runners, a progressive cycle ergometer exercise test was performed on 9 sprinters and 12 endurance runners, all in good national standing; 12 sedentary men served as control subjects. The relationship between V02 and work-output appeared to be linear in most of t...