Effects of perineural capsaicin (CAPS) treatment on compound action potentials of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) afferents were studied in 6 sevoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Perineural CAPS (100 microg/ml) to the bilateral SLNs reduced (P<0.01) the peak and integral amplitudes of the C-wave of the compound action potential. By contrast, the perineural CAPS had no effect on the A-wave componen...

An oil spill model coupled with a hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate the spread of oil slick in real marine conditions considering the effects of tidal currents, wind and wave. The hydrodynamic model is verified using the measurements of tidal elevations and current speeds at the Persian Gulf. Effect of various governing factors on oil slick movement, tidal currents, wind and wave, ar...

A quantizable worldsheet action is constructed for the superstring in a supersymmetric plane wave background with Ramond-Ramond flux. The action is manifestly invariant under all isometries of the background and is an exact worldsheet conformal field theory. It has recently been recognized that the Penrose limit of the AdS 5 × S 5 background with Ramond-Ramond (R-R) flux is a supersymmetric pla...

Conservable quantities measuring ‘wave activity ’ are discussed. The equation for the most fundamental such quantity, wave-action, is derived in a simple but very general form which does not depend on the approximations of slow amplitude modulation, linearization, or conservative motion. The derivation is elementary, in the sense that a variational formulation of the equations of fluid motion i...

The Hamilton-Jacobi equation of relativistic quantum mechanics is revisited. The equation is shown to permit solutions in the form of breathers (oscillating/spinning solitons), displaying simultaneous particle-like and wave-like behaviour. PACS: 03.65-w, 03.65Pm, 03.65.-b

In this paper we discuss the conservation of wave action under numerical discretization by variational and multisymplectic methods. Both the general wave action conservation defined with respect to a smooth, periodic, one-parameter ensemble of flow realizations and the specific wave action based on an approximated and averaged Lagrangian are addressed in the numerical context. It is found that ...