The paper discusses different approaches of watershed management programs implemented in South Asian countries, with special reference to Nepal based on existing literature and field experiences. Watershed degradation, particularly in mountainous areas, is critical problem in South Asian countries. A participatory approach has been adopted in watershed and natural resource management during the...

Recent findings in the Umpqua River Basin in southwestern Oregon illustrate a tension in the rise of both community-based and watershed-based approaches to aquatic resource management. While community-based institutions such as watershed councils offer relief from the government control landowners dislike, community-based approaches impinge on landowners' strong belief in independence and priva...

This paper presents a synthesis of four case studies of watershed management experiences in the Philippines, primarily to provide insight on why watershed management approach has not gained wider recognition in the country despite being renowned internationally. A brief description was presented for each case study involving the watersheds of Maasin, Magat, Manupali, and Balian sub-watershed to...

Traditionally watersheds were spatial extents that capture rainwater. Recently it has been identified that unless the watersheds are not managed in an integrated sustainable manner, then not only the water resources but also other resources such as vegetation, fertile soil, fauna and flora get depleted. Rational management of upper and lower parts of a watershed is equally important for the sus...

this study is aimed at evaluating and measuring the factors affecting the dezful wheat farmers` attitude toward the extension of wheat waste reduction. the method of research was correlative- descriptive. the population of this study is all farmers cultivated wheat in dezful from 2011 to 2012 (n=5291). the number of samples size was 360 based on krejcie and morgan table. panel of experts and al...

Because hydrologic responses of an agricultural watershed are influenced by many natural and man-made factors including pond/reservoir, management practices, and/or irrigation/drainage, strategies of hydrological modeling for the watershed must be case-dependent and thus carefully designed to effectively reflect their roles as critical hydrologic components in simulation processes. In this stud...

Watershed management is a “process of formulation and carrying out of a course of action involving modification of the natural system of watersheds to achieve specified objectives” (Biswas, 2002). Much of watershed management has largely to do with risk assessment and minimizing adverse effects on human populations. To accomplish their specified objectives, professionals in the field of watersh...

The paper presents applications and models which are beneficial to watershed management in various areas. The intention is to inform about the current capabilities of soft computing, hydrologic analysis modules, and distributed hydrologic models, and to provide an initial guide on implementing soft computing. Watershed is not simply the hydrological unit but also socio-political-ecological enti...