background bottled mineral water is generally considered more pure than tap water in developing countries. immunocompromised patients and those with co morbid conditions are often offered bottled mineral water since they are believed to be safer. the present study was designed to determine the risk of common bacterial contamination of commercially available bottled mineral water in iran. materi...

OBJECTIVES To study effects of various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on mature waterline biofilms and in controlling planktonic (free-floating) organisms in simulated dental treatment water systems; and to study in vitro the effects of 2%, 3%, and 7% hydrogen peroxide on the removal of mature biofilms and inorganic compounds in dental waterlines. METHODS Four units of an automated denta...

INTRODUCTION Every week, haemodialysis patients are exposed to approximately 400 l of water used for the production of dialysis fluids which, albeit with the interposition of a semi-permeable artificial membrane, come into direct contact with the bloodstream. It is therefore clearly important to know and monitor the chemical and microbiological purity of dialysis water. METHODS In this review...

Thousands and thousands of people are suffering from the toxic effect of arsenic in many countries. It is due to natural ground water contamination as well as industrial hazards waste and drainage problems. Permissible level of arsenic in water is 0.01 ppb defined by World Health Organization. The delta region of Brahmaputra and Ganga is one of the world’s most affected areas. The central porti...

BACKGROUND: Legionella spp. in groundwater sources have been reported to be the cause of waterborne infections, specifically Legionnaire’s Disease and Pontiac Fever. Legionellae are known to be ubiquitous in surface waters, but much less is known about their occurrence in groundwater, which is the source of potable water for millions in North America. Federal drinking water regulations may not ...

The faecal contamination of drinking water sources can lead to waterborne disease outbreaks. To estimate a potential risk for waterborne infections caused by faecal contamination of drinking water sources, knowledge of the pathogen concentrations in raw water is required. We suggest a novel approach to estimate pathogen concentrations in a drinking water source by using microbial source trackin...

Ground and surface water contamination resulting from the leakage of crude oil and refined petroleum products is a serious and growing environmental problem throughout the world. Consequently, a study of the use of electrochemical treatment in the clean-up was undertaken with the aim of reducing the water contamination by aromatic pollutants to more acceptable levels. In the experiments describ...

background: the purpose of this study is to investigate the concentration of metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and nickel) in the landfill leachate and heavy metals in wells downstream of municipal solid waste landfill site in the city of mashhad. methods: in both winter and summer seasons in 2009 samples were collected from five wells that were in landfill downstream in mashhad. results...

background: in the present times, arsenic poisoning contamination in the ground water has caused lots of health‑related problems in the village population residing in middle gangetic plain. in bihar, about 16 districts have been reported to be affected with arsenic poisoning. for the ground water and health assessment, simri village of buxar district was undertaken which is a flood plain region...

background: cement production is associated with heavy metal emissions and environmental pollution by cement dust. the degree of contamination of drinking water sources by major and trace elements present in cement dust generated by united cement factory (unicem) is still uncertain. this study estimated the element content of ground and surface water samples (hand-dug wells, boreholes and strea...