Because all animals have the capacity to learn through operant conditioning and other types of learning, zoos animal care facilities shifted towards utilization positive reinforcement training shape behavior in captivity. Training provides choice participate their own husbandry routines veterinary procedures. While adoption these practices has improved welfare human care, it not been applied eq...

Background: in radiation treatment of moving targets located in thorax region of patient body, the delivered dose does not match with the planned treatment, resulting in some over and under dosage in the tumor volume, as a function of motion magnitude and frequency. Several efforts have been done to investigate the target motion effects on dose distribution in the target and surrounding normal ...