Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate presence microplastics in drinking water along a large distribution supply network. Tap collected situ at sampling cabinets using an in‐line procedure that provided representative sample with minimal risk external contamination and avoided transportation volumes laboratory. Microplastics > 50 μm were analysed via Fourier transform infrare...

In this paper we propose a mathematical programming model for a large drinking water supply network and discuss some possible extensions. The proposed optimization model is of a real water distribution network, the largest water supply network in Flanders. The problem is nonlinear, nonconvex and involves some binary variables, making it belong to the class of NP-hard problems. We discuss a way ...

This paper proposes a smart water grids network (SWGN) architecture that combines the advantages of fog computing, internet things (IoT), long range wide area (LoRaWAN), and Software-defined networking (SDN). The main aims SWG are to optimize data routing monitor supply quality in real-time. SWGN handles vast amount is collected by IoT devices from different points related quality. processed di...

Control of drinking water networks is an arduous task given their size and the presence of uncertainty in water demand. It is necessary to impose different constraints for ensuring a reliable water supply in the most economic and safe ways. To cope with uncertainty in system disturbances due to the stochastic water demand/consumption, and optimize operational costs, this paper proposes three st...

Optimization design of water supply pipe network is important with the development of economy and the increasingly fast urbanization process. Harmony search algorithm for the optimal design of water supply networks provides a better nonlinear optimization method. The improved strategy of the dynamic harmony memory size is proposed, through the optimization computation to water supply pipe netwo...

Water supply systems have been facing many challenges in recent decades due to the potential effects of climate change and rapid population growth. Water systems need to expand because of demographic growth. Therefore, evaluating and increasing system capacity is crucial. Specifically, we analyze network capacity as one of the main features of a system. When the network capacity starts to decre...

In systems experiencing water scarcity and consequent intermittent supply, users often adopt private tanks that collect water during service periods and supply users when the service is not available. The tank may be fed by gravity or by private pumping stations depending on the network pressure level. Once water resources are collected, the tank can supply users by gravity if it is located on ...