In the South African National Water Act (NWA, No 36 of 1998), the ecological Reserve is defined as the quality and quantity of water required to ensure appropriate protection of water resources, so as to secure ecologically sustainable development and use. Aquatic ecosystems are recognised as the core location of water resources, and although considerable progress has been made in developing me...

Mooers (1999) defined ”coastal ocean” to include a 200 nautical mile wide Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), determined by United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This covers a major part of the European coastal seas (Mediterranean, North Sea, Irish Sea, Baltic Sea) and part of European shelf seas. Since EEZ is also of high national interests in marine resource exploitation and en...

Urban lakes play an important role in urban development and environmental protection for the Wuhan urban agglomeration. Under the impacts of urbanization and climate change, understanding urban lake-water extent dynamics is significant. However, few studies on the lake-water extent changes for the Wuhan urban agglomeration exist. This research employed 1375 seasonally continuous Landsat TM/ETM+...

Growing concern over resource use and protection of the environment has prompted greater demand for agricultural policy analysis at the local, regional, and national levels. Faced with declining surface-water quality, silting of reservoirs, and contaminated groundwater supplies, the public has demanded greater protection of the environment. With the call for more regulation of agriculture comes...

Sustainable water management often emphasizes water resource quantity, with focus on availability and use practices. However, only a subset of the available water may be usable when also considering water quality. Water quality management is examined within three broad sectors—urban, agriculture, and environmental systems—to investigate how water quality sustainability (WQS) is defined by each ...

introduction natural and artificial radionuclides are the main sources of human radiation exposure. these radionuclides, which are present in the environment, can be dissolved into water. evidence suggests that radionuclides being entered the human body through drinking or hot spring water can be harmful for human health. materials and methods in this study,10 samples were collected from ground...

Inorder to enhance the capacity and output of a downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) network, it is essential to perform appropriate resource allocation. Correct resource allocation suggests that finding best subchannel and power allocation for each and every user. Therefore here associate algorithm is proposed to attain this. Initial of all sub-channel allocation is pe...

the paper presents the case study of the current formation of a brazilian pit lake from an iron ore mining activity. the water used for the filling of the lake comes from rain, ground water and the complementary pumpage from a close river. at its final stage, which will be reached around year 2018, lake aguas claras will have a surface area of 0.67 km2 and the depth of 234 m, which will make it...