awareness of wheat farmers’ personal preferences towards environmental issues and weed types is important in pricing bioherbicides for sustainable weed management and could consequently be a fundamental guide to agricultural authorities and policy-makers. in the present study, a survey was carried out by using data collected from 180 wheat farmers of korasan razavi province during 2008, togethe...

This paper uses S&P 500 index options data to examine whether proxies of investor sentiment, or aggregate errors in investor beliefs, affect option prices and asset pricing kernel. I find that when market sentiment becomes more bearish (resp. bullish), both index option smile and asset pricing kernel are more (resp. less) negatively sloped. These relations are statistically and economically sig...

abstract water pricing is a policy instrument for improving water efficiency, reducing water demand, management of the irrigation systems and recovering costs. the underlying principle of water pricing is that it should reflect the opportunity cost of water. in this study, parametric mathematical programming approache were used to estimate the willingness of farmers to pay for groundwater under...

evaluation of surface water quality is a complex process undertakingmultiple parameters. converting great amount of parameters into a simpler expressionand enabling easy interpretation of data are the main purposes of water quality indices.the main aim of this study is to plan effective water resources management system forkarun river by combination of ccmewqi and geographic information system ...

Problems with appraisal-based return series combined with certain similarities between commercial real estate, bonds and stock suggest that equity REIT returns provide an accurate source of real estate pricing information. A model for deriving a discount rate for unsecuritized commercial real estate was developed. The model is a three factor Arbitrage Pricing model that measures the sensitivity...

This chapter presents a comprehensive review of valuation of water. Though existing literature has a large number of papers on the significant attempts at valuing water, a number of publications only consider certain specific aspects of water pricing, rarely attempting a comprehensive review. Water pricing, whether by government mandate or in practice, has to take into consideration a host of c...

Researchers have reported mispricing in index options markets. This study further examines the efficiency of the S&P 500 index options market by testing theoretical pricing relationships implied by no-arbitrage conditions. The effect of a traded stock basket, Standard and Poor’s Depository Receipts (SPDRs), on the link between index and options markets is also examined. Pricing efficiency withi...

[1] European water policy requires all EU Member States to implement volumetric water pricing at rates that roughly cover the total costs of providing water services. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology that will enable us to analyze the differential impact that a water pricing policy for irrigation would have on heterogeneous farmers of an irrigated area. For this purpose, ...

The paper explores how agricultural water pricing could contribute to lowering water demand when uses are unobserved (asymmetric information). The topic of the paper is justified by the fact that most water authorities worldwide do not control water uses at the farm scale. The study draws inspiration from the pricing policies of a Reclamation and Irrigation Board in Northern Italy. It analyses ...