abstract background: the pressure of consumption spots in eater supply systems is one of the most important hydraulic parameters can be used in optimized management of water distribution networks. since the pressure has some different effects on various parameters of the network management including its hydraulic functions, reliability, stability and leakage, its control is of great importance ...

1. INTRODUCTION Infrastructure systems such as electric power, gas and energy, water distribution, wastewater, transportation networks and telecommunications systems are critical to the welfare, economy and security of every developed country. Protecting these critical infrastructures is one of the main challenges for governments and international organizations. In order to develop robust infra...

leakage in water distribution networks causes waste of water and economical losses. in this paper a new method is presented to calculate nodal and pipes leakage in water distribution systems using capabilities of epanet2.10 software. the method estimate the total water losses in the system based on iwa methodology using minimum night flow (mnf) measurements. recognising the pressure dependency ...

Abstract Modern critical infrastructure, such as a water treatment plant, distribution system, and power grid, are representative of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) in which the physical processes monitored controlled real time. One source complexity systems is due to intra-system interactions inter-dependencies. Consequently, these potential target for attackers. When one or more infrastructure ...

IAM methods partially differ from those applicable to managing other types of assets. One of the reasons is the fact that such infrastructures have indefinite lives, in order to satisfy the permanent needs of a specific public service. Infrastructures are not replaceable as a whole, only piecemeal. Consequently, in a mature infrastructure, all phases of assets lifetime coex‐ ist. Additionally, ...

The three features in this Update address three pressing issues of sustainability: eco-efficiency of built infrastructure (p 1); the peak oil debate (p 11); and the possible impacts of climate change (p 12). Such topics are generally discussed separately but, when considered together, they suggest a future in which the need for adaptation – of technologies, societal structures, and lifestyles –...

water distribution method based on the type of water conduits can be divided into two groups, namely, open and closed systems, while on the basis of the energy of the water flow, the two groups are gravity flow and pressurized flow. open channel type conveyance and distribution is achieved by gravity and includes channels made by embankment construction, excavation, or construction of prefabric...

Cyber attacks are an emerging threat to critical infrastructure systems worldwide. We focus on water, recognizing that water is vital for human health and to the function of other critical infrastructures. A cyber attack targets control and monitoring systems of a water utility, known as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, and disrupts water operations. Current research is...

the analysis of flow in water-distribution networks with several pumps by the content model may be turned into a non-convex optimization uncertain problem with multiple solutions. newton-based methods such as gga are not able to capture a global optimum in these situations. on the other hand, evolutionary methods designed to use the population of individuals may find a global solution even for ...