A water distribution network is subjected to various abnormal conditions such as pipe breaks, pump failures, excessive demands etc. in the design period. Under such conditions, the network may not be able to meet required demands at desired pressures, and becomes deficient. Traditional network analysis assumes nodal demands to be satisfied and available nodal pressures are calculated. However, ...

Accurate estimation of leaf stomatal conductance (gs) is important in predicting carbon andwater cycles of terrestrial ecosystem. To estimate gs on field-grown soybean and maize underwater-stressed condition accurately, a modified optimal stomatal conductance (OSCM) modelwas established based on the relationship between marginal water cost of carbon gain and soilwater content by introducing a w...

one of the soil and water management practices in order to delay drought stress under water deficit condition; is superabsorbent application. in order to study the effect of  superabsorbent application on yield and yield components, two antioxidant enzymes activity and water relation of two canola hybrids under terminal drought stress condition, a research was carried out in ahvaz climate condi...

A double layer shallow water model is established, departing from 3D Euler incompressible equations with free surface. On the one hand, the model is augmented with curl, as a new unknown. A result of existence and uniqueness is proved for a smooth initial condition (i.e. in Sobolev spaces) using criteria from [2]. On the other hand, the system without curl is considered. In order to treat more ...

Simplified asymptotic models are developed to investigate tropical–extratropical interactions. Two kinds of interactions are illustrated in the model: (i) MJO initiation through extraction of energy from barotropic Rossby waves and (ii) MJO termination via energy transfer to extratropical Rossby waves. A new feature, in comparison to previous simplified models, is that here these waves interact...