Square water takes into account the directionality of hydrogen bonds. The model is reviewed and its properties as a solvent for apolar particles are studied through Monte Carlo simulations. Specific heat measurements are used to identify phase separation. Data for comparison with the lattice gas on the square lattice are presented and the relation to non-associating solvents is discussed. Data ...

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) consist of a perfluorinated ionomer membrane (usually Nafion or Flemion) plated on both faces with a noble metal such as gold or platinum and neutralized with a certain amount of counterions that balance the electrical charge of anions covalently fixed to the membrane backbone. IPMCs are electroactive materials that can be used as actuators and sensors. Th...

A switchable-hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) is a solvent that in one state forms a biphasic mixture with water but can be reversibly switched to another state that is miscible with water. We describe a mathematical model of the behaviour of CO2-triggered SHS that narrows the search field for these solvents in terms of their basicity and hydrophilicity. By its predictive power, the mathematical mo...

The present paper reports an organic solvent-induced controllable crystallization of a water-soluble inorganic salt Na(3)[Au(SO(3))(2)] into ultralong nanobelts and hierarchical microstructures of one-dimensional (1D) nanowires. It was found that the morphology of the resulting crystals can be fine tuned by simply varying the experimental parameters, such as the ratios of water to organic solve...

While the Stokes-Einstein (SE) equation predicts that the diffusion coefficient of a solute will be inversely proportional to the viscosity of the solvent, this relation is commonly known to fail for solutes, which are the same size or smaller than the solvent. Multiple researchers have reported that for small solutes, the diffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to the viscosity to a fr...

OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness on Aedes aegypti (Linneo) (Diptera: Culicidae) of a larvicide-adulticide ULV formulation applied by a thermal or a cold fogger using different solvents. METHODS We applied, in field conditions, a ULV formulation containing pyriproxyfen and permethrin, using a thermal and a cold fogger and water or diesel as solvent. We determined the effectiveness of th...