Giardia lamblia infections are associated with antigenic variation of the parasite, which is generated by a continuous change of the variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs). Many investigations on the process of antigenic variation were based on the use of G. lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7, which expresses VSP H7 as its major surface antigen. In the present study, mice were infected with the aforeme...

A family of 13 related but divergent vsp genes was recently found in the chromosome of the bovine pathogen Mycoplasma bovis. The vsp genomic locus was shown to undergo high-frequency rearrangements and to mediate phenotypic switching of variable lipoprotein antigens (Vsps) on the mycoplasma cell surface. Here we report that the vsp gene repertoire is subject to changes. Genetic analysis of M. b...

Voltage-sensing phosphatases (VSPs) share the molecular architecture of the voltage sensor domain (VSD) with voltage-gated ion channels and the phosphoinositide phosphatase region with the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), respectively. VSPs enzymatic activities are regulated by the motions of VSD upon depolarization. The physiological role of these proteins has remained elusive, and insig...

This vertically self-pillared (VSP) structure extends the application range of traditional porous materials with facile mass/ion transport and enhanced reaction kinetics. Here, we prepare a single crystal metal-organic framework (MOF), employing ZIF-67 as proof concept, which is constructed by nanosheets (VSP-MOF). We further converted VSP-MOF into VSP-cobalt sulfide (VSP-CoS2) through sulfidat...

The problem of collecting reflection data from the layers below a high velocity layer (HVL) and imaging those accurately is solved using walkaway vertical seismic profiling (WVSP) technique. procedure shown on dataset model highly faulted, thin-bedded coal separated by limestone. By locating receivers above, in, HVL, reflections are expected to be recorded locally in situ borehole HVL before th...

For VSP data, interferometric migration of free-surface multiples has two significant advantages over standard VSP migration: 1). a significantly larger imaging area than that of conventional migration of VSP primaries, and 2). less sensitivity to velocity and static errors than conventional migration of VSP multiples. In this report we validate these claims by applying wave-equation interferom...

Hafnia alvei is a gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacillus that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. This organism is a causative agent of intestinal disorders and is found in different environments. H. alvei has received increased clinical attention as a cause of different infections in humans. This study was performed to compare the MicroScan WalkAway automated identification syste...

We have found that high-quality vertical seismic profile (VSP) data can be collected for near-surface applications using the seismic cone penetrometer. Conemounted accelerometers are used as the VSP receivers, and a sledgehammer against the cone truck baseplate is used as a source. This technique eliminates the need to drill a borehole, thereby reducing the cost of the survey, and results in a ...

Phosphoinositides act as signaling molecules in numerous cellular transduction processes, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) regulates the function of several types of plasma membrane ion channels. We investigated the potential role of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in Ca(2+) homeostasis and excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling of mouse muscle fibers using in vivo expression of the volta...