Subcortical circuits mediating sleep-wake functions have been well characterized in animal models, and corroborated by more recent human studies. Disruptions in these circuits have been identified in hypersomnia disorders (HDs) such as narcolepsy and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders expressing excessive daytime sleepiness. However, the behavioral expression of sl...

A new era began in Wake Forest's athletic program Tuesday, when President Thomas K. Hearn Jr. announced that Ronald D. Wellman had accepted appointment as the new director of athletics. The announcement came 138 days after G. Eugene Hooks announced his retirement from the position, ending a 28-year career. Wellman comes to Wake Forest after a sixyear term as the director of athletics at Illinoi...

Recent work in experimental neurophysiology has identified distinct neuronal populations in the rodent brain stem and hypothalamus that selectively promote wake and sleep. Mutual inhibition between these cell groups has suggested the conceptual model of a sleep-wake switch that controls transitions between wake and sleep while minimizing time spent in intermediate states. By combining wake- and...

Studies in anesthetized animals implicate nonserotonergic cells in the ventromedial medulla (VMM) in opioid modulation of nociceptive transmission but do not reveal the conditions that engage VMM cells in unanesthetized rats. The few studies of VMM cells in unanesthetized rats show that VMM cells change their discharge across the sleep-wake cycle and during active movements. Since active moveme...

When an electron moves in a bending magnet it emits synchrotron radiation and generates a wakefield that effects other electrons in the beam. This wake is usually called a Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) wake and for a steady state case it has been computed in Refs. [2, 3]. In practice, bending magnets are often not long enough to assume that the wake is in the steady state. In the case wh...

The lift-generated wake vortices trailing behind an aircraft present a danger to aircraft following the same or a nearby path. The degree of hazard to the following aircraft depends on the nature of the wake encountered in its flight path and on the ability of the aircraft to counter its effects. This report describes the current state of understanding of the factors that influence the motion a...

A potential flow model is used to study the unsteady flow past two airfoils in configuration, each of which is suddenly set into motion. The airfoil bound vortices are modeled using lumped vortex elements and the wake behind the airfoil is modeled by discrete vortices. This consists of solving a steady state flow problem at each time-step where unsteadiness is incorporated through the “zero nor...

1 Center for Bioethics, Health and Society, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America, 2 Department of Philosophy, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America, 3 History of Medicine, History and Cultural Studies, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 4 Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice...

Understanding the inherent dynamics of the EEG associated to sleep-waking can provide insights into its basic neural regulation. By characterizing the local properties of the EEG using power spectrum, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert-spectral analysis, we can examine the dynamics over a range of time-scales. We analyzed rat EEG during wake, NREMS and REMS using these methods. The ...