This paper outlines the prospectus for an instrumentallybased approach to the articulation of nasal vowels. Complexity in the acoustics of nasal vowels has long been acknowledged but complexity in their articulation has received less attention. A growing body of research suggests that velopharyngeal opening (VPO) is complemented by other articulatory gestures which may enhance or counteract the...

A program has been developed for the control of Vapour Pressure Osmometry (VPO) measurements. The output signal of a Vapour Pressure Osmometer is read by an A/D converter card installed in one of the expansion slots of a PC microcomputer. The stability of the measurements is checked by analysing the first derivative of the smoothed signals, which is calculated in real time. Sets of repeated mea...

AIM Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), a subtype of nAChR regulating neurotransmission in central nervous system, is an essential regulator of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in periphery. The present study was to determine the effects of activation of α7nAChR on oxidant stress-induced injury in endothelial cells. METHODS Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells w...

We used density functional theory to study the mechanism of n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride on the vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) surface. We found that O(1)═P on the V(V)OPO4 surface is the active center for initiating the VPO chemistry through extraction of H from alkane C-H bonds. This contrasts sharply with previous suggestions that the active center is either the V-O bonds or else ...

Compiler optimization phase ordering is a fundamental, pervasive and longstanding problem for optimizing compilers. This problem is caused by interacting optimization phases producing different codes when applied in different orders. Producing the best phase ordering code is very important in performance-oriented and cost-constrained domains, such as embedded systems. In this work we analyze th...

This paper describes xvpodb, a visualization tool developed to support the analysis of optimizations performed by the vpo optimizer. The tool is a graphical optimization viewer that can display the state of the program representation before and after sequences of changes, referred to as transformations, that results in semantically equivalent (and usually improved) code. The information and ins...

In the development of a large, complex computer system, the verification of its microcode by simulation can significantly decrease the time required for the integration, “bring up,” and testing of the system. However, creating a process that integrates and aligns the smaller verification tasks to form a coordinated, seamless, and comprehensive system verification plan requires considerable effo...