INTRODUCTION Monitoring of circulating blood volume is important in the management of critically ill patients. Current methods of circulating blood volume measurements such as indicator dilution using radioisotopes or Evans blue dye are unsuitable for clinical application as these tests do not allow for frequent repeated measurements to be done. A direct bedside measurement of circulating blood...

BACKGROUND There is no consensus regarding the blood volume that could be safely donated by dogs, ranging from 11 to 25% of its total blood volume (TBV). No previous studies evaluated sedated donors. AIM To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of blood collection from sedated and non-sedated dogs and to understand if such effects were volume-dependent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty three donation...

Pulse oximetry is a technique for estimating arterial oxygen saturation continuously and non-invasively. Reflectance pulse oximetry might become useful for monitoring the fetus during labour but it is much more susceptible to all kinds of physiological variations than the well-established transmission pulse oximetry for neonatal or adult monitoring. This review focuses on the accuracy of reflec...

pulse irrigation is consisted of an irrigation phase and a resting or non-operative irrigation phase. water intermittent use causes that advance front with less volume water over continuous irrigation is completed, which it effect on the pattern of soil moisture. another important subject in trickle irrigation is water distribution in non- operative irrigation that called redistribution. amount...

Accurate measurement of digital blood flow by plethysmography requires considerable attention to technical detail. Determination of digital pulse volume, on the other hand, is less difficult, and there are many sensing and recording devices available for this.1-5 In order to use pulse volume measurement as a routine laboratory procedure in the differential diagnosis of digital ischemia, however...

In aperture counters, particles in fluid suspension flow through a small orifice or aperture, causing a change in the electrical resistance of the aperture. This change is sensed by an external electronic circuit and translated into a voltage pulse, the signal height of which is proportional to the volume of the particle in the aperture. These signal pulses are collated into a spectrum of pulse...

OBJECTIVES : A systematic review of the literature to determine the ability of dynamic changes in arterial waveform-derived variables to predict fluid responsiveness and compare these with static indices of fluid responsiveness. The assessment of a patient's intravascular volume is one of the most difficult tasks in critical care medicine. Conventional static hemodynamic variables have proven u...