The foreign exchange market (FX market) accounts for 40% of the total volume of the world’s e-commerce by its own. Based on statistics, sometimes up to 90 per cent of the traders lose their total capital in this market just within six months to one year and leave this market. The probability of loss in the FX market can be estimated by probability theory. The present paper intends to demonst...

the central bank, as an institution that directly controls the monetary system of the country, can also pursue goals such as managing interest rates, volume of currency, inflation, unemployment and even income distribution. in some countries (like iran) it functions as the part of the government and in some other countries the central bank is independent and follows its macro-policies. accordin...

The main goal of the present paper is to analyze the effects of currency collapses (a large devaluation of country’s nominal exchange rate) on real gross domestic products of six Asian countries (Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, South Korea, and Turkey). A yearly data is collected from the WDI of the World Bank over the period 1980-2011. The econometric model includes the real GDP growt...

We have developed a method for detecting real money traders (RMTers) to support the operators of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). RMTers, who earn currency in the real world by selling properties in the virtual world, tend to form alliances and frequently exchange a huge volume of virtual currency within such a community. The proposed method exploits (i) the trading ne...

Pacific Economic Bulletin Volume 21 Number 1 2006 © Asia Pacific Press Calvo and Reinhart (2002) found a pervasive ‘fear of floating’ in emerging economies, and that officially announced currency regimes may diverge from central bank practice. Calvo and Reinhart’s method is used to show that currency market intervention appears to be taking place in the kina, which is nominally a free floating ...