An alternating-bias random telegraph signal (RTS) characterization technique is presented, which shortens measurement time by 10x and also produces more accurate statistical distributions of RTS amplitudes. Measurements of RTS amplitudes in 45nm SRAM transistor Ids and cell write margin are reported and used to demonstrate a complex dependence of write margin on RTS in multiple transistors. Fai...

Previous reports have indicated that echocardiography with automatic boundary detection (ABD) is useful for the noninvasive estimation of left ventricular volume. However, few data exist regarding the measurement of left atrial (LA) volume, which also provides pivotal information in the clinical setting. Therefore, the feasibility of LA volume measurement by ABD in comparison with the manual tr...

We present new analytical expressions for minimum energy consumption (1 law) and minimum entropy production, or lost work (2 law), in complex distillation arrangements. These simple, but exact, expressions apply to ideal mixtures and an infinite number of stages, and the relative volatility is the only required component property. The simple Vmin-diagram is shown to be very useful in evaluating...

PURPOSE To investigate the interobserver variations in delineation of lumpectomy cavity (LC) and clinical target volume (CTV), and its impact on irradiated volume in accelerated partial breast irradiation using intraoperative multicatheter brachytherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Delineation of LC and CTV was done by five radiation oncologists on planning computed tomography (CT) scans of 20 patie...

A voltage scalable 0.26V, 64kb 8T SRAM with 512 cells per bitline is implemented in a 130nm CMOS process. Reverse short channel effect was utilized to improve cell write margin and read performance. A marginal bitline leakage compensation scheme was used during read operation to lower Vmin down to 0.26V. Floating write bitline and read bitline, auto wordline pulse width control, and a deep slee...

The ability of infants to discriminate between opposite directions of motion was assessed using forced-choice preferential looking between a random-dot pattern which was segregated into regions which moved in opposite directions, and a uniform pattern in which all the dots moved in the same direction. The first experiment measured velocity thresholds (Vmin and Vmax) for direction discrimination...

Consider a large number n of neurons, each being connected to approximately N other ones, chosen at random. When a neuron spikes, which occurs randomly at some rate depending on its electric potential, its potential is set to a minimum value vmin, and this initiates, after a small delay, two fronts on the (linear) dendrites of all the neurons to which it is connected. Fronts move at constant sp...

Classic cable theory was used to analyze the relation between the activation-recovery interval measured from unipolar electrograms and transmembrane action potential duration. Theoretic analysis demonstrated that the temporal derivative of the extracellular potential is proportional to a spatial weighting of the third temporal derivative of the transmembrane action potentials along a cable with...

OBJECTIVE Noninvasive accurate assessment of left atrial (LA) size and function is an essential requirement in daily clinical practice. Real time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (RT3DE) with direct volumetric method has been found to be a highly accurate and reproducible noninvasive tool for the evaluation of LA dimensions and functional properties. Three-dimensional speckle tracking ec...

The growth of battery-powered mobile and wearable devices has increased the importance of low-power operation and cost in system-on-a-chip (SoC) design. Supply-voltage scaling is the predominant approach to active power reduction for SoC design, including voltage scaling for on-die memory given increasing levels of memory integration. SRAM can limit the minimum operating voltage (VMIN) of a des...