elicitation with middle-viscous chitosan (30 mg/50 ml) significantly stimulated silymarin synthesis in silybum marianum hairy root cultures. the root cultures established by infection with agrobacterium rhizogenes ar15834 showed a potential for production of silymarin. elicitation with medium molecular weight of chitosan (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/50 ml) was used in order to improve silymarin pro...

background: acanthamoeba keratitis (ak) is potentially a sight-threatening infection and its treatment is challenging. this is mainly due to presence of resistant cyst form. indeed, cysts are highly resistant to current available drugs. chemical drugs are toxic to human keratocytes. it should also be mentioned that most available anti- acanthamoeba drugs are poorly cysticidal, in iran and world...

in vitro maturation (ivm) is a method that immature oocytes in antral follicles are extracted and matured in laboratry conditions. this review has attempted to provide the current knowledge and recent findings in in vitro maturation of oocytes and highlights the most important factors involved in this process. the review is based on literature reports and the author’s experience. in ivm cycles,...

contact hypersensitivity (chs) mouse model induced by 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (dnfb) is thought to be a t helper 1 (th1)-dominant response and used for investigating anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. however, it is hardly used for screening large-scale drugs because of the large number of animals and complex mechanisms involved in-vivo. in this study, we focused on whether t lym...

callus and suspension cultures of lavandula angustifolia mill. (lamiaceae) were established and the effect of different culture media on growth rate was investigated. terpenoids added to suspension culture to investigate their biotrans-formation. all samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gc-mass spectroscopy (ms). octan-1-ol, citronellol, linalool, borneol and geraniol were biotr...

background cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is an endemic disease in developing countries. although pentamidine orantimonite (glucantime) has been recommended for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment by the world health organization, there are some concerns too such as high cost, side effects, need for frequent injections, and restricted efficacy. therefore, different methods have been used for cl tre...

nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field having potential applications in many areas. nanoparticles (nps) have been studied for cell toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. tetrazolium-based assays such as mtt, mts, and wst-1 are used to determine cell viability. cell inflammatory response induced by nps is checked by measuring inflammatory biomarkers, such as il-8, il-6, and tumor necrosi...

candidiasis , the main opportunistic fungal infection has been increased over the past decades. this study aimed to characterize c.albicans species complex ( c.albicans , c.dubliniensis , and c.africana ) isolated from patients with respiratory infections by molecular tools and in vitro antifungal susceptibilities by using broth microdilution method according to clsi m27-a3 guidelines. totally,...

objective(s):cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common and endemic disease in khorasan province in north-east of iran. the pentavalant antimony (sb v) is the mainstay of treatment that has many side effects and resistance to the drug has been reported. the microbicidal effect of ozone was proven in different microorganisms. since there is no study in this respect and to achieve a low cost and effecti...