Nutrition in the second year is important as this is a period of rapid growth and development. Milk is a major food for young children and this analysis evaluated the impact of the type of milk consumed on nutrient intakes and nutritional status. Data from the Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children were used to investigate the intakes of key nutrients, and Fe and vitamin D stat...

PURPOSE Due to changes in the Dutch fortification policy for vitamin D and the vitamin D supplementation advice for infants (10-μg/d for 0-4 year olds), a partially virtual scenario study was conducted to evaluate the risk of excessive vitamin D intake assigning all infants to a 100 % adherence to the supplementation advice and considering the current fortification practice. METHODS Food cons...

Supplement 1, 2009: Intake of selected nutrients from foods, from fortification and from supplements in various European countries, p. 46, table XI, Nutrient: Retinol (mg): age group: 18 ys women Mean intake for Base diet (including mandatory fortified foods) for SPAIN: The correct number is 218, not 283.

Background and Objectives: : Vitamin D3 measurement in food and fortified food matrixes is usually interrupted by several variables. This study aimed to elaborate a specific vitamin D3 quantification method for fortified Taftoon bread considering different influential variables in each step of measurement. Materials and Methods: Dough was fortified with (4μg/100g) and the sta...

We conducted 2 studies to determine the effect of vitamin D-fortified cheese on vitamin D status and the bioavailability of vitamin D in cheese. The first study was designed to determine the effect of 2 mo of daily consumption of vitamin D3-fortified (600 IU/d) process cheese on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and osteocalcin (OC) concentrations among 100 older (>...

OBJECTIVE To review and analyse criteria for vitamin supplementation and fortification in Spain. DESIGN Systematic review of scientific literature and simulation analysis of food fortification. METHODS A simulation analysis using a fortified beverage was performed in a random sample of 2855 children aged 2 to 24 years in Spain. RESULTS High-risk groups for vitamin supplementation and fort...

Vitamin D is unique, in terms of its metabolism and physiologic features and the human reliance on both endogenous production (activation through exposure to ultraviolet light) and exogenous sources (diet, primarily fortified foods) to meet biological requirements. Recent evidence has indicated a reemergence of vitamin D-deficient rickets and an alarming prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (i...

Mongolians are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency because of their residence at northern latitude, reduced exposure to UV-B rays during the winter months, and a low availability of vitamin-D fortified foods. We performed a pilot study in May 2005 to estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Mongolian school age children and to determine the feasibility of conducting a longer and larger...

This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of voluntary fortification as an option to address the occurrence of inadequate micronutrient intakes in population subgroups in Europe. Although legislation is harmonised across the European Union, fortification practices and patterns of consumption of fortified foods vary considerably between countries. While the proportion of children consum...

UNLABELLED Vitamin D exerts a variety of extra-skeletal functions. AIM to know the effects of the consumption of a vitamin D-fortified skimmed milk on glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure in young women. METHODS a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel-group trial of 16 weeks duration was conducted in young women with low iron stores who consumed a skimmed milk fortifie...