Introduction: Regarding the anatomic variety in the anterior mandible it is necessary to obtain adequate information about the vital structures in this area to protect them in dental surgeries and preventing injuries that might occur afterwards. The aim of this study is to describe anatomic characteristics of mental foramen and anterior loop on CBCT images.  Materials and Methods: On CBCT imag...

From a surgical viewpoint there are several critical anatomic structures that lie in close proximity to the thyroid gland. These critical structures include the recurrent laryngeal nerves, the superior laryngeal nerves, and the parathyroid glands. Successful thyroid surgery depends on the technical skill of the surgeon to identify and preserve these vital structures.

Frequently, vital rates are driven by directional, long-term environmental changes. Many of these are of great importance, such as land degradation, climate change, and succession. Traditional demographic methods assume a constant or stationary environment, and thus are inappropriate to analyze populations subject to these changes. They also require repeat surveys of the individuals as change u...

Over a 6-month period, the mean mortality risk (based on 393 operations participating in the United States National Animal Health Monitoring System 1995 National Swine Study, and representing operations with > or = 300 market hogs in 16 states), was 2.3 +/- 0.2% in the grower/finisher production phase (where figures after the +/- represent the standard error of the estimate). Mortality > or = 4...

BACKGROUND Surgical mortality increases significantly with age. Wide variations in mortality rates across hospitals suggest potential levers for improvement. Failure-to-rescue has been posited as a potential mechanism underlying these differences. METHODS A review was undertaken of the literature evaluating surgery, mortality, failure-to-rescue and the elderly. This was followed by a review o...

Significant intraoperative bleeding and injuries to vital structures in the liver remnant can occur during liver parenchymal transection using the conventional clamp-crushing technique. We performed liver resection on 242 patients using a mosquito clamp-crushing technique combined with a self-assembled saline-linked diathermy for liver parenchymal transection. The mean blood loss was 215 mL (ra...

statement of problem: various factors are involved in causing inflammation following root canal treatment. controlling these factors may relieve the related pain. one of these factors is extrusion of debris beyond the apex. although debris extrusion happens in all instrumentation techniques, researchers have declared that in coronal flaring technique, there is minimum debris extrusion. purpose:...