Monomeric autotransporters have been extensively used for export of recombinant proteins to the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria. A bottleneck in the biosynthesis of such constructs is the passage of the outer membrane, which is facilitated by the β-domain at the C terminus of an autotransporter in conjunction with the Bam complex in the outer membrane. We have evaluated eight β-domain co...

Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, delivery to tumor cells in vivo is hampered by the large size (150 kDa) of conventional antibodies. The minimal target recognition module of a conventional antibody is composed of two non-covalently associated variable domains (VH and VL). The proper orientation of these domains is mediated by their hydrophobic interface and is ...

Placental malaria is a major health problem for both pregnant women and their fetuses in malaria endemic regions. It is triggered by the accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) in the intervillous spaces of the placenta and is associated with foetal growth restriction and maternal anemia. IE accumulation is supported by the binding of the parasite-expressed protein VAR2...

Antibodies are key elements in routine immunological tests, having a long history detection of plant pathogens due to their specificity, reliability and fast performance. Heavy chain-only antibodies (HCAbs), circulating the blood camels IgG isotypes that lack light (L) chains heavy (H) chain is depleted first constant domain (CH1). The HCAbs interact with antigen by virtue only one single varia...

Abstract Objective Single-domain antibodies, such as VHH and nanobody, have shown potential for use in therapy diagnostics. One application of VHHs is the tethering two fragments to different epitopes on same target, which difficult achieve with conventional antibodies. Synergistic heterologous dimers higher affinity, better specificity, broad applications developing high-affinity monoclonal bi...

Abstract Background and significance Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy shows promising potency for treating patients with hematological malignancies. However, follow-up data indicate that only 30% to 50% of these experience long-term disease control. In solid tumors, the B7-H3 transmembrane protein is an emerging target harbors in its ectodomain two distinct epitope motifs - IgC Ig...

Abstract Background The outbreak and pandemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused significant threaten to global public health economic consequences. It is extremely urgent that people must take actions develop safe effective preventions therapeutics. Nanobodies, which are derived from single?chain camelid antibodies, had shown antiviral properties in various challenge viruses. In this study, mult...

VHH are polypeptides (15 kDa) derived from the variable domain of single heavy-chain antibodies of Camelidae. They represent the smallest antigen-binding fragment of an antibody (human IgG = 150 kDA). VHH are currently being explored for a number of applications. Anti-rabies virus VHH were cloned from lymphocytes of vaccinated llamas and selected for their affinity with the viral spike glycopro...

UNLABELLED An accurate and noninvasive tracer able to detect molecular events underlying the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) would be useful for RA diagnosis and drug efficacy assessment. A complement receptor of the Ig superfamily (CRIg) is expressed on synovial macrophages of RA patients, making it an interesting target for molecular imaging of RA. We aim to develop a radiotracer for...