Aetna considers endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux), polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique), polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), or other bulking agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) medically necessary for the treatment of members with primary or secondary VUR who have any of the following conditions when...

Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), traditionally considered a problem of childhood, can also be detected during adulthood. However, while the concept regarding the therapeutic management of VUR in children has undergone revolutionary changes, moving from surgical to conservative approach, the optimal therapeutic approach in adult reflux is poorly addressed and is still unknown. Herein, we rev...

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most common urinary tract anomalies in children and can be associated with reflux nephropathy (RN). Some patients with RN develop chronic kidney disease, hypertension and a small number of patients progress to end-stage renal disease. Early detection of children with these clinical characteristics should be the goal of clinical, biochemical, and radiolo...

Introduction. Generalized joint hypermobility is deemed to be an underlying risk factor for many clinical conditions. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility in patients with vesicoureteral reflux. Materials and Methods. This was a cross-sectional study on 313 children, 3 to 15 years old, with a history of urinary tract infection. Generalized jo...

Vesicoureteral reflux is a commonly encountered condition in pediatric urology. The treatment of vesicoureteral reflux is debated in all patients. Much controversy exists regarding the need to reimplant refluxing ureters at the time of bladder augmentation, particularly in those patients with neuropathic bladders. In patients with neuropathic bladders, reflux may be the result of elevated detru...

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common urinary tract abnormality in children, yet the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach remains controversial. Studies over the past decade have raised significant questions regarding all aspects of VUR management, including the approach to the evaluation of childhood urinary tract infection (UTI). Determining which children will actually benefi...

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common anomaly associated with duplex systems. In addition to an uncomplicated duplex system, reflux can also be secondary in the presence of an ectopic ureterocele with duplex systems. Controversy exists in regard to the initial and most definitive management of these anomalies when they coexist. This paper will highlight what is currently known about du...

Surgical interventions for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) include open or laparoscopic ureterocystoneostomy (UCN) and endoscopic injection. Historically, open UCN has been the gold standard in surgical treatment of VUR with high success and low complication rates. [1] Although open UCN causes bleeding from the incised bladder wall or dissected trigone, the bleeding is usually not severe unless a b...

Purpose: We studied the inheritance pattern, clinical features and outcome in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Characteristics of known familial VUR cases were also compared with those of sporadic VUR. Material and Methods: 726 patients were treated for VUR between 19902004. The families were contacted by letter inquiring if other members of the family were affected. The phenotype of ...