In the present paper, the Zelt algorithm has been extended for ray tracing through an anisotropic model. In anisotropic media, the direction of the propagated energy generally differs from that of the plane-wave propagation. This makes velocity values to be varied in different directions. Therefore, velocity modeling in such media is completely different from that in an isotropic media. The vel...

The governing equations of a transversely isotropic dissipative medium are solved analytically to obtain the surface wave solutions. The appropriate solutions satisfy the required boundary conditions at the stress-free surface to obtain the frequency equation of Rayleigh wave. The numerical values of the non-dimensional speed of Rayleigh wave speed are computed for different values of frequency...

Imaging diffracted waves can provide useful information about complex subsurface geology and fracture networks. Separation of diffractions from typically more intensive reflected events can be done based on specularity, which measures deviation from Snell’s law. Here, we analyze two formulations of specularity and their applicability to diffraction processing in the presence of anisotropy. We s...

Anisotropy is widespread in the Earth’s crust, and VTI (vertical axis symmetry transverse isotropy) anisotropy common due to stratigraphic pressure. Disregarding leads inaccurate inversion results media. To estimate accurate elastic parameters, exact reflection coefficient equation of media should be used. This nonlinear more than commonly used linear equation. Although based on a complex probl...

A unified approach to approximating phase and group velocities of qP seismic waves in a transversely isotropic medium with vertical axis of symmetry (VTI) is developed. While the exact phase-velocity expressions involve four independent parameters to characterize the elastic medium, the proposed approximate expressions use only three parameters. This makes them more convenient for use in surfac...

Mode-converted PS-waves can provide valuable information for anisotropic parameter estimation that cannot be obtained from compressional waves alone. In a previous paper, we developed an efficient tomographic methodology for 2D joint velocity analysis of PP and PS data from VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) media. The algorithm is designed to flatten image gathers of PP...

Moveout analysis of long-spread P-wave data is widely used to estimate the key time-processing parameter η in layered VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) media. Inversion for interval η values, however, suffers from instability caused by the tradeoff between the effective moveout parameters and by the subsequent error amplification during Dix-type layer stripping. Here, w...

In recent years, wave-equation imaged data are often presented in common-image angle-domain gathers as a decomposition in scattering angle at the reflector, which provide a natural access to analyzing migration velocities and amplitudes. In the case of anisotropic media, the importance of angle gathers is enhanced by the need to properly estimate multiple anisotropic parameters for a proper rep...

Elastic surface waves propagating at the interface between an isotropic substrate and a thin, transversely isotropic film are analyzed. The transverse isotropy is conferred by fibers lying parallel to the interface. A rigorous leading-order model of the thin-film/substrate interface is derived from the equations of three-dimensional elasticity for prestressed, transversely isotropic films havin...

SUMMARY Frequency-domain wavefield solutions corresponding to the anisotropic acoustic wave equation can be used describe nature of Earth. To solve a frequency-domain equation, we often need invert impedance matrix. This results in dramatic increase computational cost as model size increases. It is even bigger challenge for media, where matrix far more complex. In addition, conventional finite-...