Spatial heterogeneity within individual host trees is often overlooked in surveys of phytophagous arthropod abundance and distribution. The armored scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui is controlled by the predator Rhyzobius lophanthae to a greater degree on leaves at 75-cm height than on leaves at ground level within its host tree Cycas micronesica. The direct influence of elevation on the predator ind...

[1] We use ten years of GPS data from nine continuous and six semi‐continuous GPS stations in a transect across the Southern Alps to measure rates of relative vertical movement with typical 1s uncertainties of 0.3–0.5 mm/yr. The estimated vertical rates define a fairly smooth profile across the range, with the highest rates of ∼5 mm/yr found near the crest of the mountains and ∼20–30 km southea...

A turn-by-turn vertical beam profile monitor has been developed at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). The instrument optically images the vertical beam distribution with an array of optical fibers that transport visible synchrotron radiation to an array of photo-multiplier tubes. Each PMT signal is recorded by a turn-by-turn data acquisition system. With this instrument, we compare profi...

Recent work has shown that the retrieval of stratospheric aerosol vertical profiles is possible using limb scattered sunlight measurements at optical wavelengths. The aerosol number density profile is retrieved for an assumed particle size distribution and composition. This result can be used to derive the extinction at the measured wavelength. However, large systematic error can result from th...

Understanding spatial variation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in three-dimensional direction is helpful for land use management. Due to the effect of profile depths and soil texture on vertical distribution of SOC, the stationary assumption for SOC cannot be met in the vertical direction. Therefore the three-dimensional (3D) ordinary kriging technique cannot be directly used to map the distribut...

We propose an ensemble classification method for classifying tree genus by using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. We have developed a set of descriptors (features) related to the geometric information given by the point cloud. The second set of features is derived from a more conventional method and is related to the vertical point distribution of the point cloud. We built two classifi...

We present a simple stochastic-dynamical approach to estimate the turbulent vertical diffusivity (D) in the lower stratosphere from routinely observed ozone profiles. First, an observed ozone profile is reconstructed using three-dimensional back-trajectories obtained from analyzed winds and initializing the trajectories with ozone values from the output of a chemistry-transport model. Assuming ...

II. Protoplanetary Disks 7 A. The star formation context 7 B. Passive circumstellar disks 8 1. Vertical structure 9 2. Radial temperature profile 9 3. Spectral energy distribution (SED) 10 4. Sketch of more complete models 11 C. Actively accreting disks 11 1. Diffusive evolution equation 12 2. Solutions 12 3. Temperature profile 14 4. Origin of angular momentum transport 15 5. Layered disks 17 ...

Monitoring the vertical profile of leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content within winter wheat canopies is of significant importance for revealing the real nutritional status of the crop. Information on the vertical profile of Chl content is not accessible to nadir-viewing remote or proximal sensing. Off-nadir or multi-angle sensing would provide effective means to detect leaf Chl content in different v...

[1] If the aerosol composition and size distribution below cloud are uniform, the vertical profile of cloud condensation nuclei concentration can be retrieved entirely from surface measurements of CCN concentration and particle humidification function and surfacebased retrievals of relative humidity and aerosol extinction or backscatter. This provides the potential for long-term measurements of...