Dark line resonances, narrowed with a buffer gas to less than 100 Hz width, are observed in a Cs vapor cell using a directly modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). An external oscillator locked to one of these resonances exhibits a short-term stability of ( ) = 9 3 10 12 , which drops to 1 6 10 12 at 100 s. A physics package for a frequency-reference based on this design coul...

Heterogeneity of the group-specific (Gc) components in normal human serum has been demonstrated by the use of a lithium borate buffer system in conventional vertical starch gel electrophoresis and by prolonged immunoelectrophoresis in agar gel. In both Gc 1-1 and Gc 2-2 phenotypes a protein component migrates ahead of the main band. Immunological evidence indicates that the faster migrating ban...

Semiconductor Superlattices The picture shows a monolithic power converter, fabricated in lateral AlGaN/GaN-on-Si process on an improved AlN/GaN super-lattice buffer epitaxy. reduces vertical leakage and back-gating effects compared to step-graded buffers. This integration technology allows 98.8% efficient dc-dc conversion single chip. More details can be found article number 2000404 by Stefan ...

Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Hitoshi Kawaguchi (1), (2), (3), Takashi Mori (1), (2), and Yuuki Sato (2) 1) Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara-Pref. 630-0192, Japan 2) CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 3) Optoelectronic Industry and Technology Development Association (OITDA) e-mail: [email protected]...

as it rises in b to enter c above the midline, etc. It can be easily seen that a similar oscillation about the midline takes place in the rotating fluid annulus of Figure 4a and in the more general situation of Figure 4b. These oscillations can be made quite small by adjusting the density of the buffer to match the particle density and by speeding up the rate of buffer flow to shorten the perio...

Many advantages of transdermal drug delivery have led to investigation into a range of methods that are capable of overcoming the considerable barrier properties of the skin. Different physical enhancement methods are used for this purpose, one of them being the use of fractional lasers to create transport pathways in the stratum corneum and enhance transdermal delivery of drugs [1, 2]. he aim ...