the main priority in literary criticism, is defining a structure and abstaining from imposing personal views. in the framework of discourse analysis theory (style, intonation and punctuation marks are considered) and on the basis of contrastive linguistics, the author has tried to criticize the translation of a story “french lessons” written by valentine rasputin and translated by mrs. maryam s...

The study of comparative stylistics attempts to catalogue and explain the differences in style between languages. We describe a formal model of comparative syntactic stylistics that could be implemented in a machine translation system, enabling the system to make a more informed decision about possible translation choices and their potential stylistic effects. 1 Stylistic adequacy of translatio...

A new technique is presented for proving that a consequence system enjoys Craig interpolation or Maehara interpolation based on the fact that these properties hold in another consequence system. This technique is based on the existence of a back and forth translation satisfying some properties between the consequence systems. Some examples of translations satisfying those properties are describ...

A significant part of the meaning of any text lies in the author's style. Different choices of words and syntactic structure convey different nuances in meaning, which must be carried through in any translation if it is to be considered faithful. Up to now, machine translation systems have been unable to do this. Subtleties of style are simply lost to current MT systems. The goal of the present...

due to its specific characteristics, special theoretical principles are involved in translation of religious text. the texts of this genre are classified into two categories of divine and non-divine each with its own considerations in the act of translation. nahj-al-balaghah is one of the non-divine islamic texts. two of the well-known translations of it into persian are those by seyed jafar sh...

We show that phrase structures in Penn Treebank style parses are not optimal for syntaxbased machine translation. We exploit a series of binarization methods to restructure the Penn Treebank style trees such that syntactified phrases smaller than Penn Treebank constituents can be acquired and exploited in translation. We find that by employing the EM algorithm for determining the binarization o...

This paper proposes an automatic interpretation system that integrates freestyle sentence translation and parallel text based translation. Free-style sentence translation accepts natural language sentences and translates them by machine translation. Parallel text based translation provides a proper translation for a sentence in the parallel text by referring to a corresponding translation of th...

Existing remote sensing change detection methods are heavily affected by seasonal variation. Since vegetation colors different between winter and summer, such variations inclined to be falsely detected as changes. In this letter, we proposed an image translation method solve the problem. A style-based recalibration module is introduced capture features effectively. Then, a new style discriminat...

In this paper, a positioning task that includes translation and rotation is investigated and experimental results of three movement processes (i.e., initial feedforward movement (IFFM), coarse error-corrective feedback movement (coarse EFBM), and fine error-corrective feedback movement (fine EFBM)) are reported for translation and rotation, and for spatially-coupled style and spatially-decouple...