We have compared the flowering response to vernalization, photoperiod, and far-red (FR) light of the Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecfa (Ler) ecotypes of Arabidopsis into which the flowering-time locus FRIGIDA (FRI) has been introgressed with that of the wild types Col, Ler, and San Feliu-2 (Sf-2). In the early-flowering parenta1 ecotypes, Col and ler, a large decrease in flowering time in res...

We have compared the flowering response to vernalization, photoperiod, and far-red (FR) light of the Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler) ecotypes of Arabidopsis into which the flowering-time locus FRIGIDA (FRI) has been introgressed with that of the wild types Col, Ler, and San Feliu-2 (Sf-2). In the early-flowering parental ecotypes, Col and Ler, a large decrease in flowering time in res...

Responses to prolonged low-temperature treatment of imbibed seeds (vernalization) were examined in barley (Hordeum vulgare). These occurred in two phases: the perception of prolonged cold, which occurred gradually at low temperatures, and the acceleration of reproductive development, which occurred after vernalization. Expression of the VERNALIZATION1 gene (HvVRN1) increased gradually in germin...

Two genetic loci control the vernalization response in winter cereals; VRN1, which encodes an AP1-like MADS-box transcription factor, and VRN2, which has been mapped to a chromosome region containing ZCCT zinc finger transcription factor genes. We examined whether daylength regulates expression of HvVRN1 and HvVRN2. In a vernalization-responsive winter barley (Hordeum vulgare), expression of Hv...

Winter cereals require prolonged cold to transition from vegetative to reproductive development. This process, referred to as vernalization, has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In Arabidopsis, a key flowering repressor called FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) quantitatively controls the vernalization requirement. By contrast, in cereals, the vernalization response is mainl...

the process of adaptation to cold is an important mechanism in wheat cultivars to tolerate cold stress. this work was aimed to calrify the relationship between vernalization requirement with cold tolerance by assessing physiological changes in cold susceptible spring and tolerant winter wheat (triticum aestivum, cvs. kohdasht and cheyyene, respectively) in environmentally controlled conditions,...

Vernalization is a key requirement for the induction of flowering in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The transcriptome of two genotypes with contrasting vernalization requirement was studied during primary (vernalization and short day conditions) and secondary induction (higher temperature and long day conditions) using an RNA-Seq approach. This revealed transcripts with expression prof...

Certain plant varieties typically require prolonged exposure to the cold of winter to become competent to flower rapidly in the spring. This process is known as vernalization. In Arabidopsis thaliana, vernalization renders plants competent to flower by epigenetically silencing the strong floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). As a result of vernalization, levels of lysine-9 and lysine-27 tri...

Flowering time is a decisive factor in the adaptation of oat to sub-tropical environments. Varieties grown in southern Brazil show varying response to low temperature-dependant floral initiation, a process called vernalization. Vernalization is defined as “the acquisition or acceleration of the ability to flower by a chilling treatment” (Chouard 1960). Genetic analyses have identified at least ...

Vernalization, the promotion of flowering after prolonged exposure to low temperatures, is an adaptive response of plants ensuring that flowering occurs at a propitious time in the annual seasonal cycle. In Arabidopsis, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which encodes a repressor of flowering, is a key gene in the vernalization response; plants with high-FLC expression respond to vernalization by downreg...