In this paper, we introduce a semantic modeling project by implementing a southeast China vernacular urban modeling system. This system converts the basic modeling components of geometry units (e.g. point, line, triangle etc.) into the semantic components (e.g. street, block, patch, house etc.). To implement the urban modeling system semantically, an XML based description and DTD[31] based veri...

We propose a simple, yet expressive proof representation from which proofs for different proof assistants can easily be generated. The representation uses only a few inference rules and is based on a fragment of first-order logic called coherent logic. Coherent logic has been recognized by a number of researchers as a suitable logic for many everyday mathematical developments. The proposed proo...

June last, we showed that the classes had, during the last ten years, undergone a very remarkable development. The increase has been more rapid and embarrassing in the Bengali class than in the English; the numbers in the one case having, during the period in question, undergone nearly a five-fold increase, and in the other, rather less than a three-fold. The Military or Hindustani class has no...

This paper discusses some of the issues that have to be addressed for a systematic treatment of vernacular mathematics. In vernacular proofs, variable letters are introduced and used in a way that does not conform to the usual interpretation offered for referring expressions in the formal semantics of natural language (Kamp and Reyle, 1993; Kamp, 1981; Heim, 1982; Groenendijk and Stokhof, 1990;...

The history of the Swiss chalet is a history of recycled form. This paper considers the nature of the chalet as a vernacular building type, its appropriation beginning in the eighteenth century within picturesque theory and high-style architecture in England and America, and its eventual return to the vernacular in the form of the early-twentieth-century bungalow. The goal of the paper is to ex...

The Liber uricrisiarum in Wellcome MS 225 (hereafter, MS 225), a uroscopic treatise in Middle English that cites the De urinis by Isaac Judaeus as its principal source, ' exemplifies the sort of vernacular medical literature produced in abundance in late fourteenthand early fifteenth-century England that relies heavily on learned medical literature for its content.' Especially striking in the L...

Vernacular architecture based on bioclimatism concepts was developed and used through the centuries by many civilizations across the world. Different civilizations have produced their own architectural styles based on the local conditions. This study is carried out on the vernacular buildings of north-east India across all the bioclimatic zones. A survey of 42 houses, more than 70 years old was...

Vernacular architecture has always had appropriate answer in conformity with the environment and climate. This paper has considered values of Iran vernacular urbanization and architecture in humid and moderate climate looking through sustainability and sustainable development concepts. Gorgan city has been studied using laboratory studies and available sources and relying on the content analysi...

This paper argues that glossing is an essential stage in the borrowing of writing systems. I use the term “glossing” in a somewhat extended sense to refer to a process where a text in one language is prepared (annotated, marked) to be read in another. I argue that this process of “vernacular reading” – reading a text written in the script, orthography, lexicon and grammar of a more prestigious ...