background: information on the epidemiology of venomous snake species responsible for envenomation to humans in iran has not been well documented. in the kashan city, venomous snakebite remains a recurring medical problem. information providing the correct identification of snake species responsible for envenomation in this geographic region would be useful to regional medicalclinics and person...

Animal venoms have evolved many times. Venomous species are especially common in three of the four main groups of arthropods (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Hexapoda), which together represent tens of thousands of species of venomous spiders, scorpions, centipedes, and hymenopterans. Surprisingly, despite their great diversity of body plans, there is no unambiguous evidence that any crustacean is ...

Wild bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) were studied in southern India to assess their ability to discriminate non-venomous, venomous and predatory snakes. Realistic snake models were presented to eight troops of bonnet macaques at feeding stations and their behavior was video-recorded 3 min before and 3 min after snake exposure. Snakes presented were: (1) venomous Indian cobra (Naja naja) displa...

Venomous animals account for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Snakes alone are estimated to inflict 2.5 million venomous bites annually, with approximately 125,000 deaths. The actual numbers may be much larger. Southeast Asia, India, Brazil, and areas of Africa lead the world in snakebite mortality. It is impossible to estimate the worldwide morbidity and mortality resulting from...

venomous snakes. ByA.J?^all, M. D. (Lond.), Surgeon R. M. Indian Army." Br. Wall having observed that hitherto no clear distinction had been recognised to exist between the actions of the poisons of the various species of venomous reptiles, undertook the task of submitting the poisons of the Cobra and Daboia to a close and searching investigation. That he has performed the task with extreme car...

The prevention and management of venomous snakebite in the world's mountains present unique challenges. This paper presents a series of practical, clinically sound recommendations for management of venomous snakebite in a mountain environment. The authors performed an extensive review of current literature using search engines and manual searches. They then fused the abundant knowledge of snake...