The aim of this study has been to investigate the effects of vasopressin and oxytocin on antidepressive and memory improving effects of venlafaxine. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were used in the study. Venlafaxine (20 mg/kg) was administered po 30 min before the test once, and for 7 and 14 days in the chronic experiments. Oxytocin (1 microg/kg) ip and vasopressin (1 microg/kg) sc were ad...

BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and venlafaxine have been regarded as less toxic in overdose than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Within the TCAs, dothiepin has greater toxicity. Venlafaxine may be more toxic than SSRIs. AIM To assess the toxicity in overdose of venlafaxine and SSRIs compared to TCAs, and of dothiepin compared to other TCAs. DESIGN Cohort study ...

INTRODUCTION Methadone has been used as a drug to detoxify opioid tolerance. Naloxane precipitated morphine withdrawal behaviours were attenuated by venlafaxine as an antidepressant. On the contrary, after detoxifying the opioids, spontaneous withdrawal syndrome may occur with pain sensitivity. Therefore the present study aimed to examine the effects of chronic methadone (70 mg/kg, in drinking ...

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are prescribed widely for the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders and other psychiatric disorders. Although antidepressants are considered as a safety drug category but unexpected cardiovascular events have been reported as the most serious complications. The aim of this s...

Purpose: Depression is a public disorder worldwide. Despite the widespread use of venlafaxine in the treatment of depression, it has been associated with the incidence of toxicities. Hence, the goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the mechanisms of venlafaxine-induced cell death in the model of the freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Methods: Collagenase-perfused rat hepatocytes were...

BACKGROUND Occasional case reports describe urinary incontinence in patients taking the selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant venlafaxine. OBJECTIVE In this study the authors investigated the possible effect of venlafaxine on urinary function in a series of 9 patients with urinary retention resulting from spinal cord lesions. They primarily sought to underst...

Dual-action antidepressants serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SRNIs) are widely used to treat depression. Owing to its efficiency and safety, venlafaxine holds a prominent place in this group of depressants. Abrupt venlafaxine discontinuation involves a high risk of withdrawal syndrome. Mechanism of its development is similar to that of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs...

Venlafaxine is an antidepressant drug that has been detected in municipal wastewater effluents at low μg/L concentrations. To assess the potential of this compound to affect the survival, development and reproductive capacity of fish, we exposed fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) over a full lifecycle in a flow-through system to nominal venlafaxine concentrations of 0.88, 8.8, and 88 μg/L. Me...

Primarily opioidergic and adenosine mechanisms are considered to be involved in the antinociceptive effects of antidepressants. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of acute venlafaxine administration in alleviating symptoms of neuropathic pain and the role of endogenous adenosine and opioid systems in this effect of venlafaxine. We have evaluated the effect of caffeine, a non-sele...

background: chronic abuse of opiates induces dependency, but the neurobiological mechanisms of this event remain unclear. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intracerebroventricular of venlafaxine on the morphine dependence and pain perception. methods: a total of 80 adult male rats were divided into two major groups: (1) 40 of them was divided into groups of positive control (...