We studied the dynamics of voluntary, horizontal, binocular gaze-shifts between pairs of continuously visible, real three-dimensional targets. Subjects were stabilized on a biteboard to allow full control of target angles, which were made to differ only in distance (pure vergence), only in direction (pure version; conjugate saccades) or in both distance and direction (disjunctive saccades). A w...

A local interpolation operator, preserving the divergence, is constructed explicitly, which is the first ever one for the divergence-free elements. A divergence-free finite element method is applied to the Darcy-Stokes-Brinkman flow in a mixed region of both free and porous medium. The method is of optimal order in contrast to the traditional H and H mixed finite elements, which work for either...

Various measurement techniques have been developed recently which provide threedimensional velocity fields. These methodologies have tremendous potential to improve the understanding of complex flows in both engineering and biomedical applications. Many flows of interest are effectively incompressible which translates into a zero-divergence constraint in the Navier-Stokes equations. Noise and i...

Saccades made between targets at optical infinity require both eyes to rotate by the same angle. Nevertheless, these saccades are consistently accompanied by transient vergence eye movements. Here we have investigated whether the dynamics of these vergence movements depend on the trajectory of the coincident conjugate movement, and whether moving the head during eye-head gaze shifts modifies ve...

The objectives of this experiment were to measure the effect of sustained convergence on the open-loop vergence peak velocity and open-loop vergence amplitude, and to assess the correlation between changes in the phoria and changes in open-loop vergence peak velocity induced by sustained convergence. Subjects sustained convergence on a target that required 12 degrees of convergence for 5 minute...

The divergence free formulation of the Stokes problem leads to a positive deenite system of reduced size for the velocity, provided that divergence free trial spaces are available. The pressure is eliminated and can eeciently be computed by a post-processing procedure. In this paper we use divergence free wavelets to construct corresponding trial spaces for a Galerkin scheme. We describe the co...

The dynamic characteristics of horizontal convergence and divergence eye movement responses to symmetric stimuli were examined. Binocular eye movements were recorded in five, visually normal adult subjects using the infrared reflection technique for symmetric convergent and divergent blur-free, disparity-only, step stimuli of 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 deg. The main sequence as well as other temporal ...

In this paper we study the unidirectional transport effect for Brownian ratchets modeled by Fokker–Planck-type equations. In particular, we consider the adiabatic and semiadiabatic limits for tilting ratchets, generic ratchets with small diffusion, and the multi-state chemical ratchets. Having established a linear relation between the bulk transport velocity and the bi-periodic solution, and us...