22 SAJS VOL. 53 NO. 1 MARCH 2015 Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is controversial in terms of definition, anatomy, aetiology and treatment. The definition of TOS is generally accepted as ‘upper extremity symptoms due to compression of the neurovascular bundle in the area of the neck just above the first rib’.[1] The thoracic outlet, also known as the cervicothoracobrachial junction, consists of ...

Recent developments in vascular surgery have occurred in many areas. The topics of intimal hyperplasia and reperfusion injury are the subject of much current research and possible methods of treatment are at an early stage of development. Advances in perioperative care have contributed to a reduction in mortality and morbidity. Endovascular techniques are being employed widely but the indicatio...

VOL. 53 NO. 1 MARCH 2015 SAJS 19 Recent reports suggest that endovascular ther apy is safe and effective for the treatment of pseudo­ aneurysms caused by blunt traumatic aorta injury (BTAI).[1­6] Although the numbers of patients in these reports are small, technical success approaches 100% and procedure­related mortality and complications are reported to be low.[1,2,5,7,8] This is compared with...

18 SAJS VOL 52 NO. 1 FEBRUARY 2014 Major coronary arteries have a subepicardial course through subepicardial fat and only dip into the myo­ cardium at or near their termination.[1­2] However, sometimes a variable segment of the epicardial artery can have a long intramural course or lie under a short band of cardiac muscle.[3­6] This anatomical arrangement has been variously described as an intr...

patients with end stage renal disease need a good vascular access for hemodialysis. arteriovenous fistula is the method of choice for vascular access in these patients. however, failure of arteriovenous fistula due to thrombosis is a major problem. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the heparin on the patency of the arteriovenous fistula. this prospective interventional case co...