We classify, in a non-trivial amenable collection of functors, all 2-chains up to the relation of having the same 1-shell boundary. In particular, we prove that in a rosy theory, every 1-shell of a Lascar strong type is the boundary of some 2-chain, hence making the 1st homology group trivial. We also show that, unlike in simple theories, in rosy theories there is no upper bound on the minimal ...

We present an alternative quantization for irreducible open gauge theories. The method relies on the possibility of modifying the classical BRST operator and the gauge-fixing action written as in Yang-Mills type theories, in order to obtain an on-shell invariant quantum action by using equations characterizing the full gauge algebra. From this follows then the construction of an off-shell versi...

We derive the first ever on-shell recursion relations applicable to effective field theories. Based solely on factorization and the soft behavior of amplitudes, these recursion relations employ a new rescaling momentum shift to construct all tree-level scattering amplitudes in the nonlinear sigma model, Dirac-Born-Infeld theory, and the Galileon. Our results prove that all theories with enhance...

We show that on-shell recursion relations hold for tree amplitudes in generic two derivative theories of multiple particle species and diverse spins. For example, in a gauge theory coupled to scalars and fermions, any amplitude with at least one gluon obeys a recursion relation. In (super)gravity coupled to scalars and fermions, the same holds for any amplitude with at least one graviton. This ...

We treat the problem of constructmg exact théories of rods and shells for thm mcom pressible bodies We employ a systematic method that consists m imposmg constramts to reduce the number of degrees of freedom df each cross section to a finit e number We show that it is very difficult to produce théories that exactly preserve the mcompressibihty and we show that it is impossible to do so for naïv...

One loop anomalies and their dependence on antifields for general gauge theories are investigated within a Pauli-Villars regularization scheme. For on-shell theories i.e., with open algebras or on-shell reducible theories, the antifield dependence is cohomologically non trivial. The associated Wess-Zumino term depends also on antifields. In the classical basis the antifield independent part of ...

in the present work, study of the vibration of a functionally graded (fg) cylindrical shell made up of stainless steel, zirconia, and nickel is presented. free vibration analysis is presented for fg cylindrical shells with simply supported-simply supported and clamped–clamped boundary condition based on temperature independent material properties. the equations of motion are derived by hamilton...

A number of recently proposed single-reference open-shell perturbation theories based on a spin-restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock reference function are examined, with an emphasis on a consistent formalism within which the theories may be compared. In particular, the effect of unitary transformations among the molecular orbitals on the energy is discussed. Of the seven different perturbation t...