Primary varicose veins of the upper extremity constitute a rare pathological entity with a few references in the literature, in contrast to those of the lower extremity. The diagnostic approach is necessary in order to eliminate the case of secondary varicose veins, whereas the therapy is similar to those of the lower extremity. We present the case of a 37 year-old male with primary varicose ve...

Lower limb varicose veins are a common complication of bipedal human movement and deep-vein thrombosis. However, they may have unusual causes, e.g. forming as collaterals around an obstruction or resulting from vascular malformations. Surgery in these cases can be inappropriate or harmful. Five cases of lower limb varicose veins in which there was underlying pathology highlight the fact that cu...

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the efficacy of duplex-guided foam sclerotherapy measured against patient symptom relief and quality of life. METHODS An analysis was performed of 100 randomly chosen legs with varicose veins treated with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy with a mean follow-up of 22.5 months. RESULTS An average number of 2.1 treatments using an average of 8.7 mL of foam sclerosin...

Background: Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been applied as reliable and improved techniques in this study to compare concentration of various trace elements in normal and abnormal varicose veins. Materials and Methods: Five samples from normal veins and 13 samples from varicose veins bombarded by 2.0 MeV energy proton beams produced by a Van de Graff accelerator in vacuum. T...

Varicose veins affect approximately one-third of the adult population and result in significant psychological, physical, and financial burden. Nevertheless, the molecular pathogenesis of varicose vein formation remains unidentified. Venous hypertension exerted on veins of the lower extremity is considered the principal factor in varicose vein formation. The role of mechanotransduction of the hi...

Varicose veins are usually a sign of a benign disease, however with progression of the disease and advanced age, they can lead to serious clinical problem. Beside chronic venous insufficiency, superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) represents one of the most frequent complications which can complicate with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. Classical risk factors for SVT are simi...

OBJECTIVES Varicose veins are dilated tortuous veins of varying tone. Purinergic signalling is important in the control of tone and in mediating trophic changes in blood vessels. The expression of P2 receptors in control and varicose veins will be examined. METHODS Purinergic signalling in circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of the human long saphenous vein was studied in control and vari...

Although the etiology of varicose veins remains unknown, recent studies have focused on endothelial cell integrity and function because the endothelium regulates vessel tone and synthesizes many pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence involving the endothelium in the development of varicose vein disease. In addition, tissue remodeling was invest...

Chronic venous disease is the most common vascular condition to affect the lower limb. It covers a wide range of conditions which can be broadly categorised as varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulcers. Venous disease is associated with a large burden of ill-health and it consumes a substantial amount of NHS resources. In the UK each year roughly half a million people consu...