Background: Studies have shown that use of olfactory stimuli during painful medical procedures reduces infants’ response to pain. Aim: The main purpose of this study was investigating the effect of vanilla on pain response in preterm infants during and after venipuncture. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial. Ninety preterm infants, who were randomly selected and divided into two ...

Vanilla is a flavoring recovered from the cured beans of the orchid genus Vanilla. Vanilla ×tahitensis is traditionally cultivated on the islands of French Polynesia, where vanilla vines were first introduced during the nineteenth century and, since the 1960s, have been introduced to other Pacific countries such as Papua New Guinea (PNG), cultivated and sold as "Tahitian vanilla," although both...

We present two empirical studies on the design of robot swarms. In Study A, Vanilla and EvoStick, two previously published automatic methods, are compared with human designers. The comparison is performed on five new swarm robotics tasks, different from those on which Vanilla and EvoStick have been previously tested. The results show that Vanilla performs better than EvoStick but it is not able...

Flavour, which entices our sense of taste and smell, is one of the paramount factors contributing to successful food products. Each food product manufacturer creates and maintains its own flavour profile to distinguish its products from competitors (1). Vanilla extract is one of the most widely used flavouring ingredients in food and beverages (2, 3). Authentic vanilla extracts command a premiu...

Coffee is a significant commodity crop worldwide, and Karnataka, an Indian state with coffee-growing regions such as Chikkamagaluru, Kodagu, Hassan, major producer. also known the Land of primary location for Arabica coffee production cultivation various other spice crops areca nut, pepper, cardamom, vanilla, lime, clove, cinnamon. Despite importance production, growers encounter multiple chall...

In the Andapa region of northeast Madagascar, smallholders cultivating swidden hill rice (tavy) for subsistence are pressing against neighboring nature reserves. A dominant policy approach to reducing this pressure requires that smallholders abandon tavy and purchase rice from proceeds obtained from their environmentally sustainable commercial crops, vanilla and coffee. Economic liberalization ...

A decision-maker is airregularo if she would choose B from {A, B, C} but not from {A, B} (for example, preferring vanilla ice cream in a choice between vanilla and chocolate, but chocolate in a choice among vanilla, chocolate and strawberry). Similarly to previous studies we observed irregular choices by college students faced with hypothetical discount cards for supermarkets. However, older ad...