Value added product is an industrial term referring a minor addiction to some major products. In this paper, we borrow a term to denote a minor semantic addition to the well known association rules. We consider the addition of numerical values to the attribute values, such as sale price, profit, degree of fuzziness, level of security and so on. Such additions lead to the notion of random variab...

the purpose of business entity is to maximize shareholders wealth by enhancing the firm’s value thus, getting expected returns are very important for them. investors and creditors are going to find a precise scale for measuring overall performance of a firm as a whole to decide whether to invest in the firm, to continue with the firm or to exit from it. economic value added (eva) is an analytic...