Development of downstream operations in the Iran's petroleum industry has always been considered as a necessity in to create more value-added. One of ways to accomplish the misson, especially in the current situation, is exploiting the capacity of petroleum startups. Considering that these companies need to be valued for financing, and since the traditional valuation methods do not provide effi...

Proposition algebra is based on Hoare’s conditional connective, which is a ternary connective comparable to if-then-else and used in the setting of propositional logic. Conditional statements are provided with a simple semantics that is based on evaluation trees and that characterizes so-called free valuation congruence: two conditional statements are free valuation congruent if, and only if, t...

The brand is a very special asset and in many businesses it is the most important asset. This is due to the farreaching economic impact that brands have on enterprise. Brands influence the choice of customers, employees, investors and government authorities. In a world of abundant choices such influence is crucial for commercial success and creation of shareholder value. Even non-profit organis...

let r be a ring and v be a matrix valuation on r. it is shown that, there exists a correspondence between matrix valuations on r and some special subsets ?(mvpr) of the set of all square matrices over r, analogous to the correspondence between invariant valuation rings and abelian valuation functions on a division ring. furthermore, based on malcolmson’s localization, an alternative proof for t...

As intellectual property (IP) has become an integral part of business strategy, the valuation of these assets has become more and more critical. Consequently, the strategic decisions of Indian SMEs also increasingly depend on understanding the economics affecting the value of these assets and most crucially appraising the approximate value of their IP. In this light, the paper reviews the princ...

This paper reviews recent work examining two topics of economic research vital for invasive species policy—integration and valuation. Integration requires bioeconomic models that blend invasive biology with economic circumstances and the feedback loops between the two systems. Valuation requires nonmarket valuation associated with human and environmental damages posed by invasive species. We ar...

OBJECTIVE Food stimuli are omnipresent and naturally primary reinforcing stimuli. One explanation for the intake of high amounts of food in binge eating disorder (BED) is a deviant valuation process. Valuation of food stimuli is supposed to influence approach or avoidance behaviour towards food. Focusing on self-reported and indirect (facial electromyography) valuation process, motivational asp...

Private company valuation is typically performed by BV professionals who regularly estimate the value of nonmarketable interests. In order to develop a valuation estimate, BV professionals review and interpret empirical evidence to support decision making. For example, for the valuation of nonmarketable interests—within the context of a fair market value business valuation—there is typically a ...

Suppose F is a field with a nontrivial valuation v and valuation ring Ov, E is a finite field extension and w is a quasi-valuation on E extending v. We study the topology induced by w. We prove that the quasi-valuation ring determines the topology, independent of the choice of its quasi-valuation. Moreover, we prove the weak approximation theorem for quasi-valuations.

D. Buşneag 1 defined pseudo valuation on a Hilbert algebra and proved that every pseudo valuation induces a pseudometric on a Hilbert algebra. Also, D. Buşneag 2 provided several theorems on extensions of pseudo valuations. C. Buşneag 3 introduced the notions of pseudo valuations valuations on residuated lattices, and proved some theorems of extension for these using the model of Hilbert algebr...