BACKGROUND Validation is the process of providing evidence that tests and questionnaires are adequately and appropriately fulfilling the purposes for which they are developed. In this special issue, experts from several countries describe specific approaches to test validation and provide examples of their approach. These approaches and examples illustrate the validation framework implied by th...

In ever so many philosophical introductions to formal logic the latter is presented as the philosopher’s ars iudicandi, i. e. as the instrument that evaluates the quality of philosophical arguments or, more generally, of informal reasoning. 1 Irrespective of its content, an argument is only worthy of consideration if it is valid, i. e. if the truth of its premise(s) necessitates the truth of it...

In this paper, existence and uniqueness of the solution of interval fuzzy Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with piecewise constant argument are discussed. Based on the comparison principle, it presents new theoretical results on the global robust exponential stability of interval fuzzy Cohen-Grossberg networks with piecewise constant argument. As a special case, the corresponding results of inte...

According to Mercier and Sperber (2009, 2011, 2017), people have an immediate intuitive feeling about the strength of argument. These evaluations are not captured by current evaluation methods argument strength, yet they could be important predict extent which accept claim supported In exploratory study, therefore, a newly developed method assess was compared explicit (the PAS scale; Zhao et al...

When asked to assess the deductive validity of an argument, people are influenced by their prior knowledge of the content. Recently, two competing explanations for this belief bias effect have been proposed, each based on signal detection theory. Under a response bias explanation, people set more lenient decision criteria for believable than for unbelievable arguments. Alternatively, believable...