The gap between scientific knowledge and real world practice continues to be a major conundrum for the behavioral sciences. This paper briefly reviews the development of behavioral research and describes problems that have arisen in meeting the goal of improving behavioral interventions through science. Based on published literature and personal observations, the authors argue that behavioral r...

...........................................................................................1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................2 ORIGINAL ARTICLES.............................................................................3 PROLOGUE ...........................................................................................4 BACKGROUND......

The paper provides a first survey of the literature on external validity, using as a starting point recent debates regarding the use of randomized evaluations to inform policy. Besides synthesising contributions to the programme evaluation literature we consider definitions of external validity from other sub-disciplines within economics, such as experimental economics and the time-series forec...

OBJECTIVES Clinicians and researchers need an accurate tool assessing contraceptive knowledge in order to understand the effectiveness of teaching efforts. However, most widely used indices are outdated. The objective of this study is to create an evidence-based assessment tool and determine its validity and reliability for measuring contraceptive knowledge. STUDY DESIGN The study team develo...

  Abstract The present study aims to evaluate EFL course contents used in language schools and institutes in Teh-ran. To that end, 230 participants in Tehran were conveniently sampled. At the outset of the study, two questionnaires were given to all groups, and according to their responses, the data were analyzed. Each of the questionnaires was given to participants individually. Each group ...

This study aimed to develop a new Acceptance of Selfishness at the Workplace Scale (ASWS) and to confirm Maslow's hypothesis of synergy: if both a sense of contribution and acceptance of selfishness at the workplace are high, workers are psychologically healthy. In a cross-sectional study with employees of three Japanese companies, 656 workers answered a self-administered questionnaire on paper...

Many large-scale surveys measure subjective well-being (SWB) through a single survey item. This paper takes advantages of response time data to explore the relation between time taken to answer a single SWB item and the reliability and validity of answers to this SWB item. We found that reliability and validity of answers to the SWB item are low for fast respondents aged 70 and above and slow r...

The purpose of this study was to check the validity and the intra- and inter-evaluators reproducibility of the Sargent Jump Test, as an instrument of explosive strength measurement of soccer players of the sub-15 class. Forty-five soccer players were randomly selected from different clubs competing in the local soccer championship. All subjects performed one test on the same jump platform model...