Ultrasound of cranial nerves is a novel subdomain of neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS) which may provide additional value in the assessment of cranial nerves in different neuromuscular disorders. Whilst NMUS of peripheral nerves has been studied, NMUS of cranial nerves is considered in its initial stage of research, thus, there is a need to summarize the research results achieved to date. Detaile...

We previously demonstrated, using a nerve-cooling technique, that the vagus nerves are not essential for the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia caused by high levels of insulin. Because high insulin levels per se augment the central nervous system response to hypoglycemia, the question arises whether afferent nerve fibers traveling along the vagus nerves would play a role in the defense...

INTRODUCTION There are various communications between the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. However, little information exists concerning the origin of these sympathetic ganglion branches at the superior, middle, and inferior regions of the human SCG. The aim of this study was to describe the human SCG in a morphometric manner with the communication wit...

Simultaneous recording of activity in the vagal and sympathetic supplies to the heart has revealed that in reflexly and centrally evoked activity these two "antagonists" do not necessarily change action reciprocally. Coactivation occurs in chemoreceptor reflexes and related reactions, upon stretching of the sinoatrial nodal region of the right atrium and when certain hypothalamic regions are st...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To define normative amplitude and latency of vagus, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) and to apply them to postoperative neural function documentation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report electrophysiologic characteristics of all three nerves in a consecutive patient series. STUDY DESIGN Prospective. ...

A detailed submacroscopic anatomical study of the cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) and its branches with its adjoining structures was carried out by examining 14 halves of seven heads of Holstein cattle under a magnifying lens to provide comprehensive descriptions with color photographs of the location, relation to neighboring structures, morphometry, and morphology of CCG and its branches. Our ...

BACKGROUND Central nervous system receives information from the gut and modifies food intake mainly by vagus nerves. Some our data show that long-term electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which "mimics" satiety signal from gut, may cause reduction of body mass and decrease in food intake. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of chronic vagal stimulation on neuron...

Stimulation of the sympathetic nerve endings, after paralysis of the vagus, accelerates the transmission of the excitatory process in the dog's auricle. Following the functional exclusion of the vagus ergotamine slows the rate of the sinus rhythm, depresses A-V conduction, and delays the transmission of the excitatory process in the auricle. The relation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic n...

In this study the cranial nerves development of H. huso are explained from 1 to 54-days-old (1, 3, 6, 15, 21 and 54 days). Despite all the researches on fish brain, there are no study on nerves evolution on H. huso during their larvae life. For this research 40 samples of larvae H. husowere obtained (from each age, about six samples were selected). The specimens were ...