Giant condylomata are not usually seen nowadays in developed nations, but such cases are still seen in the under-resourced countries. Condylomata acuminata are commonly transmitted through sexual intercourse. Generally diagnosed based on their appearance. Giant condyloma acuminata also named Buschke- Löwenstein tumour (BLT) is a slow growing cauliflower-like tumor, locally aggressive and destru...

Radiation therapy, including image-guided adaptive brachytherapy based on magnetic resonance imaging, is the standard of care in locally advanced cervical and vaginal cancer part treatment other primary recurrent gynaecological tumours. Tumour control probability increases with dose optimal technique to increase target volume while maintaining constraints organs at risk. The use interstitial ne...

In Indian rhinoceros, extensive leiomyoma, a benign smooth muscle tumour, was sporadically diagnosed post mortem and commonly thought of as contributing factor for reduced fecundity of this species in captivity. However, to date, the prevalence of reproductive tract tumours and their relevance for fecundity are unknown. Our analysis of the international studbook now reveals that females cease r...

A 27 year old female presented with two months history of continuous vaginal bleeding. On evaluation, she was diagnosed as a case of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma (VCCA) along with associated Müllerian duct anomalies including didelphys uterus with double vagina; left sided renal agenesis and situs inversus. Although VCCA is strongly linked to in-utero exposure with Diethyl stillboestrol (D...

Inversion of uterus is a rare clinical condition, if not associated with puerperium or third stage of labour. Non-puerperal uterine inversion usually results secondary to tumour implanted at fundus of the uterus. An unusual case of non-puerperal uterine inversion caused by a large submucosal fundal fibroid is reported where a 39-year-old woman presented with heavy bleeding per vaginum and profu...

Increased tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is correlated with improved clinical outcomes. We hypothesised high TILs comprised a distinct functional state. In breast cancer (BC), we showed were significantly increased in primary compared to metastatic disease. Using single cell genomics, TIL BC had CD8+ T cells resident memory (TRM) differentiation. patients TRM gene signature expression a...

Conclusion Cervical cancer remains a major threat to women’s health worldwide. MR is the imaging modality of choice to depict the primary tumour and assess local extent. Comparing the radiological findings with the postoperative histological reports, high resolution MR with a dedicated protocol demonstrated to be useful for primary tumour detection and for the assessment of myometrium invasion,...

The 74-year-old widow was admitted as an emergency with a 4-day history of faecal incontinence and loose stools. Whilst on the lavatory she had felt something 'give way' and this prompted her referral to Casualty. She had had one normal pregnancy and delivery 50 years previously. The menopause had occurred 24 years previously and she denied any postmenopausal bleeding or discharge. She admitted...

INTRODUCTION Closing the pelvic peritoneum to prevent the small bowel dropping into the pelvis after surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer is important to prevent adhesions deep in the pelvis or complications of adjuvant radiotherapy. Achieving this could be difficult because sufficient native tissue is unavailable; we report on the use of small intestine submucosa extra-cellular matrix m...