OBJECTIVE To review the role of vaginal pH in the diagnosis of menopause. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amir University Hospital, Semnan, Iran from March 2008 to March 2009 on 200 women (100 non-menopausal and 100 post-menopausal) from 45-65 years old. The pH paper was placed directly in contact in the lower third ...

Different non-ionic cellulose ethers (methyl cellulose, MC; hydroxyethyl cellulose, HEC; hydroxypropyl cellulose, HPC; hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, HPMC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were investigated as matrix formers for preparation of mini-tablets targeting vaginal drug delivery. Hexyl aminolevulinat hydrochloridum (HAL) was used as a model drug. The mini-tablets were characterized...

OBJECTIVE Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is characterized by vaginal changes, dyspareunia, and itching/irritation. Efficacy and safety of a lower-dose estradiol vaginal cream (0.003%) were evaluated in postmenopausal women with VVA-related dyspareunia. METHODS This was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sexually active postmenopausal women with moderate-severe dyspareu...

A variety of approaches have been studied in the past to overcome the problems encountered with the delivery of antifungal, for effective treating of oral and vaginal candidiasis. In this study, a novel mucoadhesive tablets with pH-independent drug release characteristic was prepared by chitosan and carbopol® 71G interpolymer complex (IPC) claims for multipurpose use. Precipitation method is em...

Speculum examination to inspect vaginal walls, cervix, and characteristics of discharge. Although not mandatory, vaginal pH can be checked by using a swab to collect discharge from the lateral vaginal wall and rubbing on to narrow range pH paper. This can help discriminate between bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis. Take endocervical swabs if there is risk of sexually transmit...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of a mucoadhesive vaginal gel (MVG, Miphil) with acidic-buffering properties in bacterial vaginosis (BV). STUDY DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week trial. SUBJECTS A total of 45 non-pregnant women with BV were enrolled in the trial. Patients were treated with MVG 2.5 g or the corresponding placebo (P) daily for the first week and then every 3...

Methods Three eighty seven (387) patients who presented to the HIV clinic with symptoms of lower abdominal pain, itching and abnormal vaginal discharge were selected after obtaining written informed consent. Patients on oral or vaginal medications for vaginitis were excluded. High vaginal/cervical swabs were collected, cultured and processed using standard microbiological methods. Anti-microbia...

The relationship between vaginal pH, microflora, and yeast infection was investigated in 93 women randomly treated with either nystatin or miconazole pessaries and cream for two weeks. The vaginal pH was measured in a control group of 48 women. In the study group, 37 patients defaulted, 39 were cured, and 17 required treatment during the six-month follow-up period. In both study and control gro...