The physiological decrease in vaginal estrogens is accountable for the emergence of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) and its related symptoms such as vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, vaginal and/or vulvar irritation or itching, and dysuria. The repercussion of these symptoms on quality of life often makes it necessary to initiate treatment. Up until now, the treatments available included vaginal m...

BACKGROUND The scar tissue formed by episiotomy during vaginal delivery, and the related pain, is very frequent. The change in the normal anatomy can cause cosmetic and physiologic problems. It can affect and cause deterioration in sexual functions. Therefore, making the right diagnosis and applying the right surgical procedures are very important. AIMS Our aim was to examine the effect of th...

INTRODUCTION Water channel aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is an aquaglyceroporin that transports small neutral solutes and water. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a member of the retinoid drug class, acts as a regulator in several biological processes. AIM To investigate the effect of ATRA on the expression of AQP3 in human vaginal epithelial cells. METHODS Human vaginal mucosal epithelial cells (CRL261...

Volume 24, Number 2, June 1998 result of a curse or bad luck.7 In Senegal, drying agents may be used where there is a community belief that the vagina is not simply a natural part of the body, but must bear the mark of artistic “work.”8 Both men and women have expressed preference for vaginal dryness and tightness during intercourse. In Zaire,9 as well as in Zimbabwe,10 it is reported to increa...

The Bartholin's glands are located symmetrically at the posterior region of the vaginal opening and play an important role in the female reproductive system. These two pea-sized glands are involved in mucus secretion and vaginal lubrication. Cyst formation in the glands is common and results from mucus build-up in gland ducts. It is important to monitor such cysts because they may occur in the ...

background vaginitis is the most common gynecological problem and the second most common infection. this condition occurs in approximately 90% of the affected females; secondary to bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. objectives according to the high prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in iran and because of the importance of controlling causing species, the current study aimed ...

Unbroken skin is protective ? the virus cannot live on the surface of the skin, so undamaged skin touching infected semen will not pick up the virus. The possibility really only exists if the person giving the handjob has an open cut or wound on her or his hand that comes in contact with infected semen or vaginal secretions. If the giver of the handjob knows that they have a cut or sore, use a ...

BACKGROUND The ideal vaginoplasty must be successful functionally as well as have a natural appearance, and also must retain its functionality and appearance over the long term. Conventional vaginoplasty techniques have functional limitations and are associated with recurrent complications, but rectosigmoid vaginoplasty is known to have a high satisfaction rate due to its functional similarity ...

OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the safety and acceptability of vaginal gel formulation PC-503 among low risk, abstinent women. The active ingredient was 2% pharmaceutical grade lambda carrageenan, a sulphated polymer that is generally recognised as safe by the US Food and Drug Administration. METHODS 35 women in five sites applied 5 ml of the PC-503 gel vaginally once a day for 7 days while...