During toxicologic evaluation of a dimeric PEG-linked protein, tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TNF-bp), vacuolation of renal cortical tubular epithelium was seen in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (200-300 g) given i.v. doses of 40, 20, or 10 mg/kg every other day for 3 months. Tubular lesions in rats treated with 20 or 40 mg/kg for 3 months were only partially reversible after a 2-m...

Mitochondrial fractions, relatively free from contamination by other cytoplasmic structures, have been isolated by differential centrifugation from homogenates of brown adipose tissue from starved rats. It was possible in such fractions to distinguish two types of mitochondria in this tissue. Type I mitochondria, when morphologically intact, are limited by a bilaminar membrane and show regular ...

Helicobacter pylori-produced cytotoxin VacA induces intracellular vacuolation. The VacA-induced vacuole is assumed to represent the pathological status of intracellular trafficking. The fusion mechanism of the endosomes requires the formation of a tight complex between the Q-SNAREs and the R-SNAREs. We recently reported that syntaxin 7, a family member of the Q-SNARE protein, is involved in Vac...

Dogs dosed daily with isoniazid, 15 mg kg 1 for 45 and 69 days or 2o-4o mg kg -1 for 4-2o days, showed; 'vacuolation' of myelin, astrocyte hypertrophy and oligodendrocyte degeneration. The distribution of vacuolation was different in lowand high-dose animals. The vacuolation seen with the light microscope resulted from splitting of the intraperiod line, dilatation of the periaxonal space, diste...

We investigated sperm nuclear vacuolation in relation to acrosome reactions and the maintenance of sperm motility. Thirty male patients who visited our Male Infertility Clinic were enrolled. These patients underwent conventional semen analyses, Acrobeads tests, and high-magnification observation of the sperm head to evaluate the degree of nuclear vacuolation on the Acrobeads test scoring after ...

PURPOSE To introduce a specular microscopic reference image for endothelial vacuolation in donated corneas. METHODS Two corneas from a donor with diffuse, round to oval dark areas at the endothelial level on slit lamp biomicroscopy and one normal-appearing donor cornea underwent specular microscopy, histopathologic evaluation and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Specular microscopy...

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Vacuolation of the central nervous system (CNS) is observed in patients with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, HIV-related encephalopathy and some inherited diseases, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Mice lacking the mahogunin ring finger-1 (MGRN1) E3 ubiquitin ligase develop progressive, widespread spongiform degeneration of the CNS...

Neurohistopathological changes in the brain were assessed in juvenile beagle dogs given vigabatrin at 30 or 100 mg/kg/day by oral gavage from postnatal day 22 (PND22) until 16 weeks of age (PND112), when brain myelination is considered to reach the adult stage in dogs. Separate subgroups were treated from PND22 to PND35 or PND36 to PND49 to assess early effects. In addition to extensive brain h...

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) associate with both cognitive slowing and motor dysfunction in the neurologically normal elderly. A full understanding of the pathology underlying this clinicoradiologic finding is currently lacking in autopsy-confirmed normal brains. To determine the histopathologic basis of WMH seen on magnetic resonance imaging, we studied the relationship between postmor...